VOL. XI. NO. 39. 



AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 



309 



growing cioi) of the next year, Iroiii the biiriiiiig- 

 rays of the sun, alisoi-bs tlie dews, ferments, and 

 affords nourishment for the next crop. Let, then, 

 tlie autumnal feeding be jirincipally confined to 

 the land under the alternate system of cultivation, 

 unless a dressing of manure can be applied to the 

 permanent grass lands. 



In tlie alternate system of cultivation each crop 

 prepares the soil for its successor. The roots of 

 the grass together with tlie after growth remain- 

 ing on the surface, are turned in by the plough to 

 ferment and aftbrd nourishment to a hoed crop : a 

 second hoed crop of roots or Indian corn may suc- 

 ceed, by which the soil will be comi)letely pul- 

 verized, and the dressings of manure of both years 

 incorporated with it ; then succeeds a crop of small 

 grain ; and then abundant grass crops for two or 

 three years; and then the plough, and the hoe, 

 and the liberal dressings of manure again perform 

 their offices ; and so the fertility of this part of the 

 farm may be preserved and increased for ages. 



To these habits, qualities and characteristics 

 may be added what, unless it is degraded from its 

 just rank by the practice of the present age, may 

 be termed a virtuous economy. This very word 

 may raise in some imaginations, images of penu- 

 rious living, cattle pinched, and of the most ordi- 

 nary kind, meagre and feeble for the want of food, 

 pastures fed to the gravel, tools and implements 

 few and of the most ordinary kind, and every- 

 thing scanty and shrunken. But this is not the 

 character of the virtue we recommend. An en- 

 lightened economy is opposed not to liberalitij but 

 to ivaste. It saves everything, to be applied boun- 

 tifulli) to its appropriate purposes. It saves ail 

 fermentable and enriching materials to incfease the 

 manure heap, that the cultivated laud may have an 

 abundant dressing. It saves all valuable fodder 

 for the stock, tlnit by liberal feeding more may be 

 produced for the butcher, and more for the dairy. 

 It saves much in labor by being liberal in expense 

 for tools and implements. In short, its influence, 

 when adopted, is universal, and it becomes the suc- 

 cessful purveyor of supplies in every department 

 of husbandry. 



The last characteristic we shall mention, and 

 which to he sura is not at the top of the fashion 

 at the present day, is industry, unremitting in- 

 dustry ; that wonderworking power, whose arm 

 subdues the asperities of nature, whose baud 

 scatters plenty over her face, and whoso fingers 

 entwine round her brow wreaths of unfading 

 beauty. What ! methinks I hear some one ex- 

 claim, shall the independent farmer make himself 

 a slave ? The man who wastes an hour in the 

 morning in hearing and talking over news, and a 

 day in the week in following after itinerant de- 

 clairaers, whether political or prdendedly religious, 

 will ev«r be a slave ; driven in his business and 

 perplexed in his afl'airs. His crops, put in too 

 late, will be choked by the weeds ; his pastures 

 overrun with bushes ; his fences insufticient to 

 keep his hungry cattle from devouring his grain ; 

 his hay crop wet with the afternoon sliowers, and 

 the repose of his evenings interrupted by the recol- 

 lection of many things neglected, that ought to 

 have been done during the day. While he, whom 

 the firstraysofthe morning sun greets at his labors, 

 and whose last lingering beams find just retiring, 

 will ever be the successful master. jMaster of his 

 time, for he will have sufficient for his purposes; 

 master of his business, for he will be everything 

 at the proper time. Hia crops, put in in season, 



uud protected by good fences, will under the bless- 

 ing of Providence, be flourishing and yield abun- 

 dantly ; for they will have the benefit of all the 

 nourishment in the soil ; his pastures, once well 

 subdued, and kept clear by the hands and the 

 grubbing hoe when the ground is soft in the spring, 

 will yield abundance for his fattening and jnilky 

 droves. His hay crop, by his industry in the 

 early part and middle of the day, will be well 

 cured and housed before the afternoon showers. 

 And then, and not till then, comes the hour of 

 leisure. And if these rewards of industry be 

 deemed insufficient, add to them the enjoyments 

 arising from the early close of his daily labor, 

 the tranquil evening free from care, sleep unbro- 

 ken but by the early music of his own groves; the 

 renewed vigor felt at the first moment of awaken- 

 ing; the fresh fragrance and early blush of the 

 dewy landscape, and the first beams of that sun, 

 on which no innocent eye ever opened but with 

 delight. Say ye, then, that the industrious early 

 riser is a slave.' If so, he is a slave to the best of 

 masters, for the noblest purposes, and the richest 

 rewards. 



Have agriculturists, since the establishment of 

 this society, by care, attention, skill and industry, 

 improved their condition ? Can a moment be al- 

 lowed for retrospection ? Detail and comparison 

 must be dispensed with ; we have time merely to 

 appeal to memory. IMaiiy of us can look back 

 some twice twenty summers. What advances 

 have been made in gardening, and the culture of 

 fruit; in the production of grain, roots and the 

 superior grasses ; in improving the breed of our 

 live stock, and especially swine.-" The non-agricul- 

 tural classes by the establishment of manufactures 

 have increased beyond example, yet production 

 has outstripped consumption. And the many are 

 better fed and better clad than the few were here- 

 tofore. An improved condition is manifested also, 

 in the state of our roads, fences, farm-buildings, 

 public buildings, and establishments for the educa- 

 tion of the young. And one other consideration 

 may I be permitted to advert to, coupled with the 

 exclamation, alas my brethren! Not one half the 

 number of suits are now annually entered in our 

 courts that were at the conuuencement, and dur- 

 ing the first ten years of tlie present century. 



Remarks in commendation of agriculture, are 

 not always received with favor by the other classes 

 in society; but it is never intended to degrade them 

 by comparison. Agriculture is as much depen- 

 dent on commerce and manufactures for excite- 

 ment, activity and success, as they are on agricul- 

 ture tor support. Every improvement in naviga- 

 tion lays the foreign customer nearer our doors; 

 increases and quickens interchanges, and makes 

 them more advantageous to both parties. Everj' 

 improvement in manufactures and the arts gives 

 a better article, at a lower price to the purchaser, 

 and at the same time a greater profit to the artist. 

 Every improvement in husbandry, by aflbrding an 

 increased production with less labor and expense, 

 lowers the price of produce in market, while it 

 gives the cultivator a greater profit, and augments 

 the value of his (arm. So that whatever is useful, 

 cannot long be confined to any class in the com- 

 munity, and the prosperity of one is the prosperi- 

 ty of all. And this view may be extended over 

 the whole earth. One nation can no longer emicl, 

 itself by the impoverishing of another; plunder, 

 monopoly and chicanery are no longer legitimate 

 means of acquiring wealth. And the considera- 



tion is consoling to every lover of his kind, that the 

 arts, wealth and prosperity of nations are as expan- 

 sive as the air we breathe, and extend their influen- 

 ces over the whole commercial and civilized world. 

 It is to industry, and ingenuity, applied to pro- 

 ductions best suited to the climate and genius of 

 diflerent countries and nations, that we must now 

 look for more healthful and permanent sources of 

 national prosperity. Let us then, whatever may 

 be our pursuits, advance hand in hand, without 

 one spirit of jealousy or envy, towards perfection 

 and superior excellence. And protected as we 

 yet are by a government founded on just principles, 

 determine, should it be assailed from without, or 

 undermined from within, to sustain it like breth- 

 ren, and defend it like men. 



Method of removing spots from mildewed stuff. 

 Add to two pounds of water two ounces of vol- 

 atile alkalalic (ammonia.) Plunge the entire stuff 

 into the solution and allow it to remain there five 

 minutes. Riniie in clear water. — Jour.des Connais 

 Usuelles 



Sewing on Glazed Calico. By passing a cake 

 of white soap a few times over a piece of glazed 

 calico, or any other stiffened material, the needle 

 will penetrate with equal facility as it will through 

 any other kind of work. The patroness of the 

 School of Industry pronounces this to be a fact 

 worth knowing, the destruction of needles in the 

 ordinary way occasioning both time and expense. 

 — Taunton paper. 



FASHION. 



An eminent physician in Glasgow, has just pub- 

 lished a v<dume entitled Hints to a fashionable 

 Mother. — The following is an extract from this 

 work : — 



" I have repeatedly been almost in agony to 

 see young ladies who were dressed too tightly at- 

 tempt losing; for singing requires full inspirations, 

 which they are entirely unable to take. If they 

 exjierience half of the inconveniences at such 

 times from their clothing which they appear to do, 

 it must be intolerable. Oh, thou tyrant fashion I 

 to what tortures are thy slaves subjected ! More 

 slow than the Russian knout, or the infernal en- 

 gines of the bloody Inquisition — but equally dread- 

 ful in their effects ! The latter are comparatively but 

 momentary, and may soon be unheeded by the 

 senseless victim : but when the former have been 

 borne for years, they give place to diseases which 

 prey with insatiate violence upon the actually sen- 

 sitive frame, and delight in protracting human suf- 

 fering till the last fibre has been broken. Perhaps 

 a flame is kindled in the lungs, that gradually con- 

 sumes the vital principle. Perhaps disease of the 

 heart is destined to wear out the wretched suffer- 

 er with horrid palpitations and hourly expectations 

 of sudden dissolution — or i)erhaps the thousand 

 maladies that aflect the nerves are commissioned 

 to keep poor nature upon the rack, till she sinks 

 exhausted by pains no medicines can cure, no- 

 sympathy assuage. The bloody hooks, the wheels 

 of Juggernaut, and the blazing pile of Hindoo 

 fanaticism, fill the soul with horror. Yet how 

 many are immolated at the shrine of fashion I 

 How many voluntarily suffer tortures more severe 

 than any ever imposed upon the devotees of a 

 lieatheu deity !" 



There is nothing more mysterious and apparently 

 metaphysical than nonsense. A man who has clear 

 and correct ideas always should, and generally does, 

 make use of plain and simple expressions. 



