gSS AGr.TCl'LTURAL I\n;SEUM. 



by bad cultivation. T/. ; stiffness of this kind of land is 

 nor so much owing to its component parts as to its sur- 

 face, li ii was situated on declivities it would be of a loose 

 anil open texture; but situated as it is W'th a very level 

 surface, it ho!d^ wa^'^r a long cime, \vi)i-"h caa.-.es it to >ob, 

 and after to bake asid becom - very adhesive, and this 

 circumstance gives to this vvliolc r''gion the appei)ra!ice 

 of a stiff clay s*>il. Wherever this kind of land is u ell 

 drained by ditches, it grows perceptibly more loose anrl 

 li'^iit, and vvheie there are natural drains fo/med by ihe 

 undulation of the land, or where tbere are knowJs or 

 detached risings it is uniformiy a I'ght and open soil, be- 

 cause it never bakes, and because its particles of clay, 

 mixing with the water, are lessened and carried off by 

 evcr\ rain. The proportion of sand is greater, and always 

 stili more increased by bad cultivation. Under good cul- 

 livation its increasing lightriess or loos' ncss will be pro- 

 perly checked by deep pioughing and by vegetation, and 

 \\iil become advantageous Under bad cultivation its 

 increasing lightness will yearly add to its povei'ty. 'T^'bis 

 kind of soil, in the states mentioned, is well adapted 

 to wheat, the lighter parrs to rye and Indian corn, 'llic 

 marginal part of this first step in Virginia anrl Maryland 

 is covered altogether with resinous trees, chiefly the long 

 leafed yellow pine, cedar and gum ; a lit'le distince from 

 the irargin yon find tlie woods intcrmixfd with oak, 

 chiefly white oak. The proportion of oaks increases un- 

 1 1 they occapy nearly the whole ground at the foot of 

 the flrst rising or gravelly ridge, which bounds the flat 

 stoneless region ; at least we lind it so whore the primi- 

 tive growth has never been cut down. In this region 

 the calcareous substances that arc found in any quantity, 

 arc generally only in a small state of decay. 



Sylvanus 



PlilNTED Foil AND PUBUSUED BV DAVID WILEY. 



I^rice A> 2.50 for t went ii f(,ur Numbers, 

 To be iJuid in advance. 



