SOILING CATTLE. 



91 



Ethics, or Morality^ the science of 

 manners or duty, which it traces from 

 man's nature and condition, and shows to 

 terminate in his happiness; or in other 

 words, it is the knowledge of our duty 

 and felicity, or the art of being virtuous 

 and happy. 



Ethmoidal, in anatomy, one of the 

 common sutures of the skull, which goes 

 round the os ethmoids, from which it de- 

 rives its name, separating it from the bone 

 in contact with it. 



Ethopceid, a draught or a description, 

 expressing the manners, passions, genius, 

 tempers, aims, 8)-c. of any person. 



Experiments in boiling Wheat. — 

 Three parcels of wheat, the first in its na- 

 tive state, the second having been limed 

 two days, the third was placed in lime for 

 upwards of two weeks. These parcels 

 were tied up separately, and boiled over a 

 quick fire for fifteen minutes. The wheat, 

 in its native state, had sprouted; that which 

 had been two days in lime was still fur- 

 ther advanced, while the last sample pre- 

 sented the appearance of healthy vegeta- 

 tion. This wheat being sown, has made 

 its appearance in a healthy state. — Gen- 

 esee Farmer. 



Note. — The above experiment shows 

 some important facts, and may be produc- 

 tive of some sure method to destroy the 

 embryo of some depredators, which in 

 certain situations adhere to seeds and 

 grain, and prey upon vegetation. P. 



From the Genesee Farmer. 

 SOILING CATTLE. 



The above is the term applied to the sys- 

 tem of feeding animals with green feed 

 during the summer; the animals being 

 kept in stables, and the food cut and fed 

 to them there, instead of allowing them to 

 gather it for themselves in the field. Von 

 Thaer, the great Prussian agriculturist, in 

 relating the experience of Baron Bulovv 

 on this subject, lays down the following 

 as incontrovertible facts: 



" 1 . A spot of ground which when pas- 

 tured would only be food sufficient for one 

 head, will abundantly maintainybe/?- when 

 left in the stable. 



** 2. Soiling affords at least double the 

 quantity of manure from the same number 



of cattle: for the best summer manure is 

 produced in the stable, and carried to the 

 fields at the most proper periods of its fer- 

 mentation; whereas when dropped on the 

 pasture or meadow, and exposed to the ac- 

 tion of the air and sun, its power is much 

 wasted. 



" 3. Cows that are accustomed to soil- 

 ing will yield much more milk when kept 

 in this manner, and fattening cattle will 

 increase much faster in weight. 



"4. They are less subject to accidents 

 and diseases — they are protected from the 

 flies that torment them in the fields dur- 

 ing the warm weather, and they do not 

 suffer from the heat of the summer." 



Experiments in this country have been 

 made which in the main establish the 

 above position of Von Thaer. The only 

 serious objection that we have heard, is 

 the labour required during the summer 

 season, when work is in great request 

 in the field, and difficult to be procured at 

 any price. Men can, however, be hired 

 for this labour if necessary, as well as for 

 any other, and the policy of doing so 

 rests on the mere question of profit and 

 loss. 



If, as Sinclair states, thirty-three head 

 of cattle were soiled on seventeen and a 

 hall acres from the 20th of May to the 1st 

 of October, when the same cattle would 

 have required at least fifty acres in pas- 

 ture, it is clear that the use of the thirty- 

 three acres saved by soiling, at the lowest 

 rates would have paid for far more extra 

 labour than would have been required, 

 independent of the superior advantages of 

 the system. One man would have taken 

 care of the thirty-three head of cattle 

 without difficulty; and the extra crops that 

 might be grown on the thirty-three acres 

 might be saved; but the process must be 

 inferior indeed, not to compensate the la- 

 bour of half a dozen men for five months. 

 The experience of the Hon. Josiah Quincy 

 fully establishes these facts and inferences 

 in regard to the benefit of soilings. 



During the past years, as appears from 

 a paper in the N. E. Farmer, Mr. Holt, a 

 gentleman of East Haddam in Connecti- 

 cut, sensible of the advantages of the soil- 

 ing system, but experiencing some diffi- 

 culty in finding a proper succession of 

 food, especially the latter part of the sea- 



