148 



ON RAISING AND PLANTING APPLE TREES. 



Selves, to which any carpenter could 

 easily fit staffs on their arrival. — ib. 



Mr. John KenVs Patent for a new and 

 expeditious Method of moving all 

 kinds of Goods or Materials from 

 high Buildings or deep Places. 



Dated March, 1810.— Repertory of Arts, No. 104, 

 second series. 



Mr. Kent states his invention to consist 

 in an improvement on the principle of a 

 lever on a movable fulcrum. A weight 

 to be raised is suspended over a pully, 

 by means of a rope or chain, one end of 

 which is fixed to the weight and the other 

 to the centre of a wheel resting on a 

 horizontal plane, and supposed, by itself 

 or by weight attached to it to be heavier 

 than the weight to be raised. The dia- 

 meter of the wheel is double that of the 

 pulley over which the rope passes, and the 

 lower edges of both are in the same 

 horizontal plane, and therefore a power 

 half the weight of the body to be raised 

 will balance that body, since the length 

 of the lever to which the power is applied 

 is double the length of that to which the 

 weight is attached. If the wheel be rolled 

 over a certain space on the horizontal 

 plane on which it rests, the weight with 

 which it is connected will be raised 

 through an equal space. 



The patentee also describes his inven- 

 tion in a compound state in which he 

 connects the movable centres of two 

 sustaining wheels together by a plate of 

 metal, or otherwise, on each side of these 

 wheels, which are surmounted by a 

 roller of a certain weight to the axis of 

 which a sufficient force being applied 

 will cause these wheels to move on the 

 horizontal plane which supports them. 

 If another pair of wheels and rollers be 

 added to the former, the power will be 

 increasetl one-half; that is, if the first pair 

 balance a weight of four hundred weight 

 by a power of two hundred weight, a 

 second pair will balance two hundred 

 weight by a power of one ; and a third 

 one hundred weight by a power of a half, 

 and so on. 



Hence, by adding a continuation of 

 sustaining or friction-wheels and rollers, 

 any power may be gained without loss 

 of time, provided that the said rollers, 



which are laid on the said sustaining or 

 friction-wheels, are of a sufficient weight 

 in themselves, or by the weight attached 

 to them, either by being suspended to the 

 axis of the rollers, or bearing on their 

 axis, or any other way, as occasion may 

 i-equire. ib. 



METHOD OF PREPARING OX-GALL IN A 

 CONCENTRATED STATE, FOR THE USE 



OF PAINTERS AND OTHER PERSONS. 

 Bt Mn. Richard Cathkmy. — Meads Row, Asylum 



Lambeth. — Trans. Society of Arts, and Repertory 



of Arts, No. 111. 



Take a fresh ox-gall, put it in a basin, 

 and let it settle all night; then pour it 

 off from the sediment into a clean earthen 

 mug, and set it in a sauce-pan of boiling 

 water over the fire, taking care that none 

 of the water gets into the mug. Let it 

 boil till it is quite thick, then take it out 

 and spread it on a plate or dish, and set 

 it before the fire to evaporate; and when 

 as dry as you can get it, put it into small 

 pots, and tie papers over their tops to 

 keep the dust from it, and it will keep 

 good for years. 



One gall prepared in this way will last 

 an artist a long time, and a small cup of 

 it may be placed in the same box with 

 his colors. 



Ox-gall is particularly useful in color- 

 ing prints, as many colors will not work 

 freely without it on them, on account of 

 the oil used in the printing ink. It is 

 also used for common drawings in water 

 colors, as it clears away that greasiness 

 which arises from moist hands upon paper, 

 and makes the color work clear and 

 bright. The prepared gall is likewise 

 of great use in cleaning woolen cloths 

 from grease or tar. The size of a pea 

 of it, is sufficient for a table spoonful of 

 water, dissolved in which it will be read'y 

 for use. ib. 



ON RAISING AND PLANTING APPLE TREES. 



It is recommended to plant early fruit 

 trees on dry and sandy land; and those-- 

 which produce fruit late in the season on 

 the contrary are said to flourish best on 

 a strong loam or clay. The more valu- 

 able fruit, the styre, hagloe, crab, and 

 golden pippin, prefer a light soil. The 

 grafts are directed to be taken from a 



