NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



their promoting our own interest in a pe- 

 cuniary point of view, but because such tes- 

 timonials of approbation would give the sanc- 

 tion of the highly respectable characters who 

 compose our Agricultural Societies, toourhunn- 

 l.le efforts to promote the great anil importanl 

 objects of their institutions. If only a small part 

 of each considerable premium was paul in our 

 volumes, it would greatly assist us, be the means 

 of distributing information which we flatter our- 

 selves would be found useful, and not at all les- 

 sen the stimulus to industry, sliiU and exertion, 

 which the premiums of those Societies are in- 

 tended to incite and reward. 



DISEASES OF CATTLE. 



.Murrahi, a contagious disease incident to cat- 

 tle, is known by the animals hanging down 

 their heads, which are swollen; by short and 

 hot breathing ; palpitation of the heart ; stag- 

 gering; an abundant secretion of viscid matter 

 in Ihe eyes ; rattling in the throat ; and a shin- 

 ing tongue. 



The murrain is occasioned by various causes, 

 but principally by a hot, dry season, or a gener- 

 al corruption of tlie air. It raged about the 

 middle of the last century in various parts of 

 Europe, and carried otf great numbers of cattle. 

 The remedy then employed, both for its pre- 

 vention and cure, consisted in a mixture of 

 equal parts of gunpowder, salt, soot, and brim- 

 stone : one .spoonful of this composition was 

 ^iven for a dose, and washed down with warm 

 water. 



In the 36th vol. of Annals of Agriculture, the 

 following recipe is inserted for the murrain in 

 hogs: — A handful of nfttles is to be preriously 

 boiled in a gallon of small beer, when half a 

 pound of flour of sulphur, a quarter of a pound 

 of elecampane, three ounces of liquorice, and 

 a quarter of a pound of aniseeds, are to be add- 

 ed in a pulverised state. This preparation 

 should be administered in milk, and the quantity 

 here stated, is said to be sufficient for six doses. 



But the most effectual i)reventive of this de- 

 structive contagion is, to keep the cattle cool 

 during summer, and to allow them a sufficien- 

 cy of water ; all carrion .should be speedily bu- 

 ried ; and as the feeding of those useful animals 

 in wet places, or on rotten grass or hay, fre- 

 quently causes this malady, their food ought to 

 consist of dry and sweet fodder. 



Willich's Domestic Encyclopedia. 



Kntcllfsrnrr. 



Laleat from Etirofe. — I^nridon Papers to July 30, 

 and Ijiverpool to 31, have been received at this port by 

 the ship Amethyst, Capt. Bussey. A long and inter- 

 esting letter written by the Hon. Col. Stanhope has 

 been published in the London Morning Post of July 21, 

 which gives an exposition of the situation and pros- 

 jiecls of the Greeks, and seems to have been written 

 veith accuracy, ability and impartiality. The writer 

 observes that 



" Twrlcpy is evidently on the eve of its fall. The 

 reigning family is nearly extinct ; its provinces are dis- 

 ViBittd ; Kgypt and Tripply are grown too wise for go- 

 vernment. A portion of Greece is severed from it for- 

 ever, and the Helenists, who bow to the power of 

 Turkey, hate it in their hearts, and pant for revenge 

 and freedom. Even Albauia detests and threatens to 



throw off its hateful yoke. The Ottoman armies are 

 insubcrdinato, and the fleets, having lost their Greek 

 sailors, have become impatient." 



The writer is of opinion lliat Greece, having "no 

 .lid prejudices, and sacred monuments of parchment 

 to get rid oi", will form a code, founded on the scruti- 

 nizing principles of H.acon." As respects the slate of 

 society he observes that "the peasantry of Greece 

 possess a large share of rustic virtue. They were 

 within the sphere of Turkcy*'s oppression, hut without 

 tlie sphere of her corruption. This people, but fur 

 want of instruction, are as fitted to be free as any na- 

 'iou on earth. I shull not dwell on the virtues of the 

 Greek peasantry, because they are admitted by all 

 men. Their martial spirit is not inferior to that of the 

 regular soldiery, ami some consider them as the stout- 

 est antl most formidable wairiors in Greece. 



" The Capitains are generally uneducated, and sim- 

 ple in their manners, intelligent, brave, aud excellent 

 mountain warriors. 



" The soldiers partake of the vices aud virtues of 

 (heir superiors, with whom they live on easy terms, 1 

 and are rarely punished. They are paid very irregu- 

 larly, and, when dissatisfied with their Captains, ei- i 

 ther rebel or leave them. The troops are better dis- ] 

 ciplined than at the commencement of the revolution ; 

 but are said to be less daring, because the excitement 

 occasioned by wrongs, the love of liberty, the enthu- 

 siasm of religion, and the hope of plunder are mor-e 

 faintly felt. The Greek soldiers are extremely hardy, 

 can make long marches, carry heavy weights on I heir 

 backs, live constantly in the open air, proceed witlrout 

 magazines, suffer great privations, endure dirt and ver- 

 min, and still preserve their high spirit's. They are 

 swift as horses, and scarcely tangible ; and if a love of 

 liberty can ensure perseverance, almost unconquera- 

 ble in their wild fortresses. Every soldier^s mind is 

 bent on success ; no Greek ever admits Ihe possibility 

 of being again subjected to the Turks. If you lal.'C of 

 millions that are about to pour down into their coun- 

 try, still they never appear dismayed. They lell you 

 calmly that as more come, more will be famished or 

 mown down by the Helenists. This gallant feeling Is 

 universal. My opinion is, that the str.iggle, however 

 protracted, must succeed, and must lead to an im- 

 provement in the condition, not only of Greece, but of 

 Asia." 



DOMESTIC. 



Extract of a letter dated Fort Wayne, Indiana, July 1. 



" Times at present seem dull in this place, the 

 Indian traders having generally gone to Detroit to 

 lay in supplies to meet the Indians when they re- 

 ceive Iheir pay from the government of the 11. S, 

 They make the place lively, aud the dullness will 

 continue until Sept. or October next, at which time 

 the agents will return, and business will recommence. 



Society here is small, and not very pleasant, being 

 composed, principally of French and half Indians, 

 there not being more than 20 families, and not more 

 than about one fourth of Ihe whole white Americans. 

 The country around is very thinly settled, having to 

 travel sometimes 20 or 30 miles without seeing a 

 house. The land has the appearance of being good ; 

 but low, level, and swampy, but when cultivated 

 becomes dry. 



We here labor under very serious inconveniences 

 for want of stone, and for want of mills. We have 

 to use puncheons, or have boards cut with a viiip 

 saw, of which chimneys are made. All the buildinirs 

 in the village are covered with clapboards. Our 

 supi)lies have all to come from Detroit or Cincinnati. 



The Indians are generally peaceable, but soiy:e- 

 timcs very troublesome ; particularly when they take 

 a drunken frolick. The traders sell then anv quan- 

 tity of of whiskey for furs, or any ofh^T k;i.d of trade 

 they have, then send them up to the Fort t'* vrouolfe 

 us. The only way to get rid of them, is to turn them 

 out of the Fort, and close the gates on fi'em. 



1 was last evening in company with the celebrated 

 Capt. Riley. He has not yet done telling his mar- 

 vellous stories. He resides about 20 miles from 

 here." 



proRwicH, fcow.') SEPT. 1. — „? Warnir^g to otJiem. — 

 Mr. Nathan Billings, of this town, formerly from JS'orth 



Stonington, was killed by descending into a Well, in 



Bozrali, on the 27th ult. The clrcnmslanres of this 

 fatal calaslrophc are suhtlanlially ilu so : On Friday 

 last, after drawing the water from the well, Mr. Hil- 

 lings descended and began to drill into a rod; at the 

 bottom, for the purpose of obtaining water in a great- 

 er quantity ; when he bad perforated the rock to a 

 sufficient depth, he charged if, and ascended to light 

 Ihe match, which he did, but only succeeded in Cash- 

 ing the primin; ; — afler two or three ineffectual at- 

 tempts to dischrtrgc tin blast, for which he had throwu 

 down and fired a quarUily of combustible matter, he 

 gave up the atlemi>t for that day, — fearing to descend 

 lest a sudden explosion might take place. On Satur- 

 day he again descended, and after dipping up a few 

 buckets of filthy water and dirt, he was seen to faint 

 and fall to the bofton). Mr. \\m. C. Abel, iiho was 

 near, immediately descended with a rope, but he had 

 no sooner tied it around Mr. Hillings, than he became 

 suffocated. The family immediately alarmed the 

 neighborhood ; wlieu a iVlr. 'I'cnant came to their as- 

 sistance. After tying a rope around himself, he de- 

 scended aud fastened another around Mr. Abel, and 

 when he bad done this, his fate was like that of the 

 two first, he also fniated. Eut by means of these ropes 

 the people succeeded (afler much difilcidty, as one of 

 the ropes broke) in hauling them up. By this time a 

 physician came to their aid, — who succeeded, after 

 some time, in restoring Mr. .-^bel ; Mr. Tennant re- 

 covered immediately on receiving fresh air. But 

 then near an hour had elapsed since the first had 

 fallen, and the breath of life had forever departed, 

 aud all efforts made to resuscitate him, proved abor- 

 tive. 



It will here be seen that the air, though pure when 

 the well was first descended, had in a few hours 

 become so strongly impregnated witli carbonic acid, 

 as to prove fatal to animal life. As accidents of this 

 nature so frequently occur, it might be supposed that 

 people would take the precaution to always try the 

 state of the air before Ihcy venture to descend, — 

 when so simple an experiment as the following ; 

 which was afterwards tried on that well, would be a 

 sufficient test. A candle was let down, but before 

 it had desr ended half the depth, it was extinguish- 

 ed ; a bucket was then let down, and the gas was 

 drawn from the well, but on putting a lighted can- 

 dle into the bucket : that was also extinguished. 



A"t!0 Orleans, ^Ivg. 10. — The Board of Health of this 

 city, linve ofiiciaLv a :nounced thai the Yellow Fever 

 hasmade its appearance, and that they have every 

 reason to believe it will soon become epidemic. 



Few strangers being now in the city, the river con- 

 tiniiing higher than ordinary, and Ihe showers of rain 

 frequent and heavy, we hope that increased vigour on 

 the part of Ibe police, and the aid of the health officers, 

 may propitiate Heaven, and arrest the scourge which 

 threatens us. — Gas. 



.1/;-. Perkins. — Extract of a letter from London, dat- 

 ed .Tutu 14 " Mr. Ferkins has very politely taken me 



through bis establishment, and showed me the New 

 Eniiine in full operation. It is entirely completed, and 

 he is now building others for boats. At Birmingham, 

 Dr. Church sbovi'ed me his Printing Press. The ope- 

 lation of it is beautiful ; and we have no doubt of its 

 eventual success," 



Gen. La Fayette.— Gen. La Fayette "was born on the 

 6th of .SoDlnmber, 1757. Of course Monday was the 

 annivTsary of his birth. His whole name, says the 

 Boston Statesman, is Marie Paul Joseph Yves Gilbert 

 .Mottiers Ue La Fayette. 



ANTIQUITY. 



The scilcof the first Fort erected in Maryland, by 

 the Colonists brought out by Lord Baltimore, in 1632, 

 haslontr been worn away, ami covered by the water. 

 Four of the cannon, however, that were mounted up- 

 on it, have been found beneath the waters, embedded 

 in r.iud, and taken up. Two of them appear to have 

 ! "cn partially burst, probably in self-defence against 

 the Indians. From one a ball was extracted v.'eigh- 

 ing eight pounds, another was loaded with chain shot. 

 The three largest were ten feet long, and the fourth 

 six. On the one wkich was least surrounded with 

 mud, a by-Btaader counted 602 oysters.— J\'(j/. Oas. 



