NRW ENGT.AND rAllIVIER. 



MI 



iiy the C'ommillee. Mr An.liovvs'' fiirni is well 

 iHillivateil. Git'iit iniprovciiKMils li;ive Lecn niiulc 

 ujinn lii? wet inr;i(lnw Innii-^, hy ditchiiiar llin 

 fime. The ofiect of lliis process, log^ellier with 

 tlio iipiiliciilioii of mnnuro, li.is bcon to render 

 Uiem jTOiluclive of jfooil c;ops of Knijiisli hay. 

 Tlic farm ownevl liy tlie town of I[)s\vicli, on 

 w liicii the paupers nrc supported, contiiiiis nboiil 

 .:0() acres. In \'S\R tlie prr.diici- of it \v:is verj' 

 <>n);ill. It hnf< liceii neiirly doubled in eachsiic- 

 ■cessivc }'ear, since tiiat time. It now produces 

 70 tons of hay in a season. Tliere arc kept 

 upon it 40 head of cattle, 25 sheep, and swine. 

 Jl yields bread stutT aM<l other materials sufliciert 



ocust tree, presented itself on the farm of I)f. 

 Nichols. Several acres, that ivere n few yearsi 

 since barren and gravelly pastures, are now 

 covered wiih a goml coat of grass, almost en- 

 tirely hy reason of planting' and permitting a 

 g:rovvth of locust trees upon the land. This is 

 easily done, after a few trees have taken root, 



rm<\ for fcedini^stock ; except cows giving milk, j and these without a driver. A team of this kind ; is a convenient icelhir for depositing the cider 

 Their products aio much alike in quantity. will continue to plough an acre a day, without [ when made. Il requires only om; persiTi to at- 



The larm of .\sa .VNunr.ws, T.sq. and that he- haidship to the callle. If our farmers would i tend it wlipn in nperatii.n, and witliaut ai;y ex- 

 longing to the town of Ipswich, were examined irlroduce this mode of disciiiliniiig and using trn exerlion will [)erfec!ly grind n|)ple3 suflkiont 



(heir rattle, they »vould liiid much of the labour ; for eight barrels of cider in two hours. The 

 and expense saved, that is tiow wasted in the ' Committee were nf the opinion that the mill is 

 ciillivalion of thcii' lauds, ()• r rough and hard , the best that they have seen. It was built by 

 lands could not be subdueil without more force ;Mr Elisha C. Uplwi, of Danvers. .\ practical 

 but certainly this mode of ploughing might be illustration of the advantages of cullivating the 

 introduced in many places where it is not. The 

 (armers of Essex generally appear ton inattcn-J 

 tive to the training of their cattle. There is j 

 almost as much dilFerence in cattle that are well 

 trained and those that are not, as there is in 

 persons, instructed and piactised, or uninstruct- 

 ed and unpractised in any mechanick art. Mr 



Derl)y has cultivated a most beautiful hedge of , either from the seed or by being transplanted, 

 buckthorn, which promises to be a most valiia- and taking care that horned cattle do not go upon 

 Vor the feeding and clothing of 50 paupers. Most j ble article for fences, where rocks for stone- the land while trees are young. In addition to 

 uf the labour is done by them, &. thus they nearly j walls are wanting. This species is much supe- 1 the increase of teed, the trees themselves are 

 earn theii living. Without doubt, in a few years, 1 rior to any we have seen, in ra|>i(lity of growth, | well worthy of cultivation. No growth is more 

 under jiidicious management, these pau[iers will , licauty of appearance, and complete adaptation I rapid, and none more in demand or of greater 

 cause no other expense to the town, than the 1 to the end in vieiv. It is an American plant, and value when arrived at maturity. It may be 

 interest of the money paid tor the farm. Simi- native of New Eng'iand. I doubled whether an acre of land can be made to 



lar establishments, calculated on a plan for the j Among the cattle on this farm, we noticed the I vieU more in the course of 25 or 30 years, with- 

 out the application of any manure, than by plant- 

 ing it with locust trees. On a fair computation, 

 the number of serviceable posts that might be 

 obtained in this time would be from three to 

 six hundred, worth from 50 cents to ^1 each. 

 The increase of feed and surplus wood would 

 fully pay the labour of cultivation ; so that the 

 proceeds of the timber would be the profits of 

 the land. 



An objection to the cultivation of the locust- 

 tree is oflen l^.rough.t from the fact that they are 

 sometimes destroyed by ivorms. This is true ; 

 but the ravages of this insect are found to be 

 greatest, where the trees are few and scattered. 

 In the grove on this farm, which extends over 

 a number of acres, and in the other groves in 

 the vicinitv, hut very few of the trees are at alt 



paupers to earn their own support, are in sue-, hull lately presented to the State Socielv, bv 

 cessful operation in the towns of Salem and j .\a,nir;ii Collin. We were informed by Mr Derby 

 Danvers.— This-is a project worthy of the at- 1 ,h;,i ihe Trustees of the Slate Society have per- 

 lention of every town burdened with a tax tori mined this animal to be in this county the pres- 

 the support of paupers. Reason and justice re- J pm ^,e;,r, for the jmrpose of aiding 'in the im- 

 ipiire, that those who throw themselves on the provement of our breed of cattle. \le is a very 

 chanty of the public, as a consequence ol thcif, line animal, of the most celebrated English breed. 

 own i.lleu«'ss and vices, should bo compelled toi There can be no iloubt that all those, who pay 

 labour for their support. I attention to the i-aising of cattle would find their 



The farms of Messrs Davw Gray, Tiwthv i advantage in availingthemselves of this op[ior- 

 OsGOCD, and .Toitn Apams, situate in Andover, ! (unity. Tlie trilling charge paid for the use of 

 were visited by the Committee. Each of them ; ,i,e nnimal, (which «e understtuid lo be only g3, 

 exhibited many indrcations ot goo.', husbandry ;: i,,,,) ,vhich will be refunded, if not successful, 1 



but nothing that particularly distinguishes them 

 from farms that are well managed in olhtr pla- 

 ces. Mr Gray has paid much altentinu to the 



will be more than ten tunes gained by the value 

 of his offspring at two months old. His calves, 

 we undersland, at this age, have been sold at 



cultivation of fruit. Wo were parlicul.u ly pleas- j t\om 30 to goO each ; and the farmer who con- , 



ed to see that valu-.-.blc species, the Baldwin I suits his own interest, cannot find any better ' '"J'Ted by worms. This objection is by no means 



apple, so abundantly and successfully cultivated, rule, by which to estimate the v.ilue of his prod- 

 When the quality ot this apple, the hardihood | ucts, than by the inices (hey will command 

 ofthetree=, their vigorous growth, and 'heir ((jg m;,i[^gl. 

 certainly to bear, are taken into consideration, 



this will be found one of the most valuable spe^ 

 cies for engrafting, that we have in the county 

 The farms of Messrs B. Pickman and E. II 



sullicient lo authorize the neglect of their culti- 

 vation. It certainly is of the highest importance 

 to the farmers of Essex, to inquire how they 

 can improve their pastures, or rather how thej 

 can save them from ruin ; for it must be obvious 

 to all, that as at present managed, Ihey are con- 



The farms of Messrs D.«.niel Putmak, Andrew 

 NrcuoLS, NATHANrEi. Eelton, Moses Preston, , . - , - 



,and Johnson Proctor, situate in Danvers, were|stantly growing worse, and many of them have 

 Derby, situate in Salam, were visited by the | each visited by the Committee. Thev afford { already become of very little value. Ifbyplant- 

 Comm.ttee. Here are some of the best culti-^ many indications of good husbandry and success- 1 ing them with trees, by ploughing, by applying 

 vated lands in the county, and many exempliS-] ful cultivation. The lands are of' good quality, I plaister as has been done with good snccess on 



,nd their management much superior to that of i the farm of Mr Uarllett, or in any other way, 



cations of agricultural improvements. \Vc pre- 1 and 



sumo there is no farm in the county that yield 

 a greater quantity of hay than the Pickman farm. 

 Its orchards are also very flourishing and pro- 

 ductive. — On Mr Derby's farm is a much larger 

 quantity of root crops than were seen elsewhere. 

 There were 7 acres of English turnips, ! acres 

 of beets and mangel wurtzel, '2 acres of cabba- 

 ges, and several other acres of different kinds 

 of roots that were planted by way of experi- 

 ment. Mr Derby has practised the, cultivation 

 of crops of this kind for several years; and 

 states that his lands yield him a much larger 

 produce in this way, than Ihey would in any 

 other, in proportion to the labour and expense 

 of cultivation. His fields appeared in the finest 



farms in general in the county, | 



BIr Daniel Putnam's mode of making manurei 

 is one of the best that we have seen. Its pecu- 

 liar advantages are, — tiie permitting of his swine 

 to run in the barn cellar, where the dung and 

 urine of his cattle are iloposiled, and whero he 

 has conveniences lor throwing in such substan- 

 ces as are collected on the farm, for making 

 riiannre ; and the covering of the same to pre- 

 vent evaporation. In this melhod, the quantitv 

 is easily lioubled and the quality much improved. 

 The atlenl;ou of the Commillee was (lra_wn to 

 a cider house and mill of a new and improved 

 construction on the farm of Mr Proctor, situated 

 on the southern side of a hill, and contains two 



they can bo reclaimed, it surely is worthy of the 

 experiment. 



order and promised an abundant harvest con-f3ior,«s, in the upper one of which, the apples 

 sidenng now nnlavourftble the season had been' ■ . ' . . ... . '• 



in that vicinitv, bv reason of the drought, lie 



are deposited, and the grinding is perlorme* 



" The Indian Hill Farm,'" So called, in West 

 Newbury, under the dir< c-ion of Mr Bi-.njamin 

 Poor, and carried on by Mr- Nathaniel Pearson, 

 and Col. Jesse Putjjam's farm in Danvers, were 

 the only farms that were regularly entered for 

 the Society's premiums. Each of these farrss 

 was aitentively examined by the Committee, in 

 June and September ; and as soon as may be 

 practicable, they expect to receive from the 

 occupants, a minute and accurate statement of 

 their produce for the present and the last year. 

 "The Indian Hill Farm" consists of about 100 

 acres of excellent land, principally situate on 

 and about a large hill, from which it derives its 

 name. Until within 5 or 6 years, but little la- 



informed the Committee that in rdonuhi.'? hisi "" ''^"^'' "^^' i"''''' ""'' """^'^ apparatus forj^^^r has been applied to it, and consequently 



niorme.i ine .^ommiute,in,u in j.ionuni.g.iiis^caipl'iling the process are situated. Adjoiniog ,,,„ imnrovemeat* that were wi nessed, have 



wnds, he uses bi;t one pair of oxen ton ploughji ' o i j o|!lje improvemet^w tnai were tyiiucaicu, ««.«* 



