I82r).] 



Ni:W l^r.T.ANH FARMT-H. 



.1.17 



Fro'n Alo.iioirs ol llie romisyWania Agrie. Sacirty. 



On CriiblVonns— Small Birds their .yatural Kn- 



cinics. 



Bv JoriN IIauk l^wvi., F.sq. 



I >« in- 1 1 (Illy III'JI- 



Dkau Sir,— Whilst »vc an- .ilTmiiu; liis'li l'"' • 

 miiim-' ("or crops, llie atlcntiou oloiie of our nu. I 

 Z.Mlo.is ami int.-lliRcnt moinl).>rs, has bfcii l^r- 

 luiialol.v ilirecU'il U> iho .letcclion, anil ri-m-Mh 

 oflh' various diseases, to which vvhoal isi '-x- 

 po«U(l. To his aucccssl'ul hilioiirs ami lescarfh, 

 we are imleht.-il lor Ihfi hest .'xvosition ol Iho 

 modes of attack, ami ni'ans ol (h-ilniciioii, ol 

 tho I'ormidahlc nicmv to th.' sroil sla|.h' ol our 

 stale— the llossiaii-lly. I ha\.' hi-cn led hy Mr. 

 VVortirs success, lo turn mv all'Milioii to Hip iu- 

 iuri.;s which the plant next in inii.ortance, ifnot 

 tirst in our system of husl.andry, is exposed l>y 

 the rava<res of {hi} ^nd,-w„nn. M;u.y remcilirs 

 have heen sug(;cslcd, all ol" which have occasion- 

 ally failed, lor the prot.'Clion of Indian corn. 

 AulnmnalplouKhini,'-dr.'S»in(,'swillic,iusliclim.' 

 —salt, and all the composts which accidcnl or 

 theory could snpg'-sl, have been by Ingenious 

 writers, recommended lor the destruction ol^ the 

 various species of Iho gnifc or cut-xi-orin. Trap.': 

 have been invcnied — deep holes have been pro- 

 posed toiiitercrpt them on their approach lo Ihe 

 plants— yet all these expedients arc less liliely 

 to succeed, than the simple means which (lie 

 bounty of nature has placed withiri our reach, 

 but which in our wantonness and folly, we ap- 

 pear determined 10 destroy. 



Instead of being re^Mlod by the wliislling rob- 

 in, and chirpiu!,' bluebird busily employed in 

 •ruarding us from that, which no human lure 

 Tight or labour is enabled lo avert, our earn me 

 assailed, our persons are cnilan'.;ercd, our Ioiicpk 

 iire broken, our crops are trodrlen down, our Cat- 

 tic are lacerated, and our flocks are diBliirbert, 

 by the idle shooter, regardless ahke of the ex- 

 pensive allcmpts of the exi)erimenlal farmer, 

 or of llie stores of the labourinff husb.iudman ; 

 whilst all the energies of his frame, and ihe ain) 

 of his «kill, are directed towanls the murder of 

 a few little birds, worlhless when obtained. The 

 injuries, which are immediately committed by 

 himself and his do;,'s, are small compared with 

 the multiplied efl'ects of the myriads of insects, 

 which would be destroyed by the animals where- 

 of they are tlie natural prey. 



1 am, \ery obediently, yours, &c. 



Joii.v IIaki; I'owrr.. 

 Jo.NATiiAN 4\or,y.VT, F.ifi. 



Prtsidcnt of lUc Pcnn. ^^j^nc. fiociity. 



From (he Jlmcrican Farmer, 



TO PREVENT RIVER BANKS W.\SHING. 

 Columhia, S. C. May 7, 11525. 

 Mr. Editor, — I observed in one of your iali; 

 .\merican Farmers, that one of your correspon- 

 dents requests information as lo the best mode 

 of Stfciiring the banks of a river from being 

 wa?hcd away. I cannot pretend lo know Ihe 

 best mode ; but I will give your corresjiondcnl 

 a description of what I have scon adoptcil on 

 the bank of a canal, when I was last in I'rance. 

 At a place where the canal of St. (iuenlin, 

 sifter having been carried under ground for 

 several miles, issues from its sublerraneou* 

 course, (the bank was very high, I should not 



suppose loss than forlv or lifiy perpcMidicular 

 led,) — the slo|ie was n lial I consulered much 

 loo sleep; il was «u much so us to m.dte it al 

 ntosi ifn|>os.sible lo w.ilk either up or down it 

 'I'hey were securing il fiom depredation while 

 I w.is there, in Ihe followni!; niaouei : having 

 ni.ide the slope smooth and even, and begin- 

 ning at Ihe bollom, Ihev pinned down, hori/on 

 Lilly, fascines, aboul II leet bmg, and prnliiibly 

 ilioiil S inches in dinmeli c, wilh willow slii'ks 

 iVom ■,' to an inch in cliameler, and iibonl ?', or 

 ;i feel in lenglh. These were selected young, 

 smonlh and green, mi that lliey woultl lake root 

 at llie same lime as they fastened down the 

 fascines. This being done;, ihe wh'>le surface 

 of the foscincs was covered wilh about 1 inches 

 thick of a good slifl clay, so us complelely lo 

 cov(M' Ihe fascines that Ihicknes* and leaving 

 Ihe ends of the willow piiis lli.it fanhuiitd them 

 ilinvn, siickiii;.( out alioul :! or 1 inches. This 

 work being done in llii- fall, winter, or early in 

 the spring, will sin.ure Ihe willow slicks taking 

 root below, and above ihe fascines— and, il 

 appears lo me, will eoniph-lely secure Ihe snr- 

 laC(; from wa-ihing away by common occurren- 

 ces. They certainly had there Ihe advanliige 

 of an excellent cl.iy. Il appears lo me, Iheri^- 

 fore, that Ibis meihod of securing a b.ink, may 

 probably answer the purpose of your iinpiir- 

 ing correspoiidi.iil. It is at least well worth 

 liyiiig, and the best I can Ihink of. Il miisl be 

 (d)served, Ihat your correspondent wishes also 

 for trees that will ail'nrd a uhelter from certain 

 winds ; but I would advise to plaiil no I, ill trees, 

 except it were on, or very near the lop of the 

 bank — for in Ibis silualion, should a high wind 

 blow Ihem down, llie injury lo the bank is nol 

 likely lo bo so great at ihe lop as at Ilii; bollom. 

 Anolhcr thing well worthy of observation, is 

 Ibis — that if ibe genlleman could procure for 

 ihe pini, osit:i\ (^willnw vt.r.tl for Innkft inukiinf,) 

 this security to bis bank iniglil In; attendeil with 

 a»oni<;e of considerable prolil, for il is every 

 where a valuable iirliclc. I do not know wb<'tlii:r 

 il can be prociiriul convenienlly in your part of 

 the world ; but, allhough I liav(! not minJi of 

 it, I am very willing logive a lillle of what I 

 have, to geiiilecnen who will nlliinl mc the 

 means of sending Ihe cullings at any time in 

 fall, winter, or spring. Coinmunicalioiis Ihiongb 

 your pajier, or diieeily (o lWi{jiustttgc paid^) I 

 would allend lo with pl'^asurn. 

 I am, very rcspoctfiilly, 

 JJear sir, 



Your obedient scrv'l, N, H. 



Friivn, llie tVorcctler MC^ii. 



INGENIOUS INVENTION. 



poNcs, render iheiii liable to bo impiiir''d iinil 

 ilisordeuni in use. 'i'his pari of Mr Siiwyor'o 

 iiivenllon alVoids parllcnlar pleasure lo Ihe oli> 

 server as nut being subject to eillier of ihesii 

 dlllicullies. 



The whole macliine is but five feet in li'iiglli 

 and ihree in breiidlb, and I" pul in mollon b\ u 

 wilier power, less by one foiiilh Ihiiii Ihat ne- 

 cessary lo Inrn Ihe common grain nulls. — Th> 

 great economv of limber, Ihe nealiie««, iind su- 

 perior dili'iilillilv of Miiived slilngli'M, over llioKO 

 niaiiufaclured by li.iiid, as well iih Ihe reilucell 

 prices III wbic h liny can be iillcuded, in i'oiiho. 

 ipience ol Ihe gieiil i-aving ol lime .mil labor, iirr 

 gidal nnil-'inporliiiil lecomniendiiliens of Ihe Mil- 

 chines for llieir prodiiclion, iiiid iiiud bung llieiii 

 iillo general iinil exlensivo use. 



\V<i ithall endeavour to procure ii miniitn <l«- 

 scriplioii of this inleiesting invenlioii. VVn 

 tvoiild lake Ikis occiision lo Molicil Iron) tlie nu 

 meroiiN inventors of our ('oiiiily, conciiie lic- 

 ciMinls of Iheir inaclilneH, which we shiill with 

 pleiniure presenl lo llie reiideiH ol oiii paper 



NKW i:i\<iLAiM> TAIMMKIJ. 



FRIDAY, .lUNK U, UViU. 

 FARTCSn'S 0AI.]3NDAn. 



('■iillurr iif I'liliiliii.i, liiihou Ciiriiy J\-r, — Your 

 crops of the abovemenlioned, and oilier Vegolii 

 Ides, which compose Iho staple coinmiiililien of 

 ibe I'armei, b'lng now duly plaiiled, the iillor 

 ciilliiie leipiires .illeiilion. Wo will fimt pay 

 a lillle iillenlioii In Ihe rolaloe. 



The root does nol slrikedoi'p iiilo llio ourlh ; 

 but extends ii cerlain disliinco pisl lienDiitli Ihn 

 siirliice. Ifplanled loo dee|i, or if loo iiiiiclt 

 earth be drawn aboul it in liilling yon may iii- 

 creatie lh<; liiiniber of polaloen in I'licli hill ; hut 

 lli(!y Will be small, for Ihey will form new sou 

 at each time llii^y are enrlhed up in nncli ii iniin- 

 ner as to pl.ice iheni below Iheir naliiriil posi- 

 tion, and these new sels will nol iipiui In limn 

 lo harvest them. The lulls iihould be iiiiide 

 wide but not high, mid level or ii lillle concavo 

 III dishing lo reliiiii Ihe lUtwx and rains. Twice, 

 will probably be oflen enough lo hoe Ihem for 

 liie jiiirpoHe rif foriniiig llie hill , bul if llie soil Im 

 inli;nled wilh weedn, you Mlllsl pull or <;ilt llieiii 



np, at least uf'tun cnoiigii to prevent their ((oinjf 



to seed. 



Dr. Deane says, " As soon as Ibe rows of pola- 

 loe plants iirc grown lo the lieighl ol lour or livo 

 inches ubovo the mirface, or curlier, il lliit 

 ground bo weedy, Ihe ciillivalor, wilh two 

 mould boards, should be passed between Iheiri 

 as deep as om.' horse can draw it. l''or want ol 



ciillivalor, a common light plough i.hoiild g<* 



We liave recenlly had an op[iorturiily ofeii- and reliiin in an inlerval, luiniog Ibe earth at 



amining a model of a machine for Ihe purpo 

 of Sawing Sliingbrs, invenled by Mr. .)ame<i Saw- 

 yer, of 'J'ernpleton, in Ibis county. Allhoo/li 

 but slightly and soperficially inloiined on llifr 

 subjec.t of nier.biiiiical improveini.nls, yet the 

 ad van I ages of Ibis in v en I ion are so obvious, even 

 to Ihe most ignorant ob'^erver, that wr; have no 

 hesitation in speaking decidedly in its prai-ie.— 

 In simplicity of construction and regularity of 

 movement, it appro.iches, if it do(!s nol arrive 

 at perfection. The complicated wheels and 

 bars, operating upon each other, to propel Ihe 

 Carnage, in other machines lor the same pur- 



Ibe first plongbiiig Irom, and then at Ibo second, 

 Inwards the rows. AIUt <;a(,li |ilougliing Ihe 

 plants should be weeded, and a lillle fresh earth 

 ilrawn close lo Iheir stems, iincoveiing those 

 which chance lo be covered by Ihe ciillivalor, 

 or plough. I'olaloes will nol grow well il moro 

 llian about live inches under ibe cm hoe, being 

 ton far removed from Ihe inlloenre ol ihe sun. 



" The last hoeing (ilionld be Imidbed belijro 

 Ihe plants are in blossom ; anri belore Ihe Inane h 

 es begin lo liail on Ihe ground. Olheiwo'e it 

 new set of roots will be lormi-d, loo liile lo (<el 

 Iheir fiillgiowlh, and which will rob lh« lor- 



