384 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



[June 24, 



»ziscEi.i.A2n:i:s. 



The following Hymns were sung: at the laying of the 

 Corner Stone of the Bunlter.Hi!l Monument, June 

 17, 1825. — 



By Rev. Mr. Pierpomt, of Boston. 



Tuns " Old Hundred.--' 



O, is not this a holy spot ; 



'Tis the high place of Freedom's birth : — 



God of our fathers I is it not 



The holiest spot of all the earth? 



Quenched is thy flame on Horeb's side ; 

 The robber roams o'er Sinai now ; 

 And those old men, thy seers, abide 

 No more ou Zion's mournful brow. 



But on this hill thou, Lord, hast dwr'.'., 

 Since round its head the war cloud curled, 

 And wrapped our fathers, where they knelt 

 In prayer and battle for a world. 



Here sleeps their dust : 'tis holy ground ; 

 And we, the children of the hrave. 

 From the four winds are gathered round, 

 To lay our offeripg on their grave. 



Free as the winds around us blow, 

 Free as yon waves below us spread, 

 We rear a pile, that long shall throw 

 Its shadow on their sacred bed. 



Hot on their daeds no shade shall fall, 

 While o'er their couch thy sun shall flame ; 

 Thine ear was bowed to hear their call. 

 And thy right hand shall guard their fame. 



By Rev. Mr Flint, of Salem. 



Tune—" St. Martin's. 



O GLORIOUS day ! that saw th' array 



Of freemen in their might, 

 When here they stood, unused to blood, 



Yet dared the unequal fight. 



The sons are met to own the debt 



Due te their fathers' fame ; 

 And here they place the column's baue 



To bear their deathless name. 



'Tis not that here the victor's cheer 



Rung o^r the falling foe, — 

 That earth here drank of many a rank 



Th' life-blood's gushing flow : 



The pledge here given to earth and heaven. 



Freemen to live or die — 

 This gives their fame its sacred claim 



To immortality. 



To God, who willed a state to build, 



Based on the rights of man. 

 Glory we give who this day live 



To hail th' accomplished plan. 



Canals ij-c. — Tlic Quarterly Revifiiv, in dis 

 cussing the subject of canals und rail ronds, no- 

 tices four modes in wliicli persons and propertv 

 have heen conveyed in England at dld'erent pe- 

 riods. I 



1. " Our great-grandfathers" forced their way I 

 on horseback through miry lanes, forded swol- 

 len rivers, sometimes halted for days together, 

 and then crawled along at a pace of two or three 

 miles an hour, in constant fear of being stuck 

 in a quagmire. Properly was conveyed on 

 pack-borses. 



2. Next came turnpikes and Other good roads, 

 which facilitated the comajunication and the 

 transport of bulky articles, and effected a favour- 

 able change in the whole appearance ot the 

 country. The packhorse was yoked to the 

 wagon, and stage-coaches and chaises took the 

 place of saddle-horses 



3. The next improvement was the opening 

 o<' canals, snd so great was the riigc for canal-' 



ling that in a few years the whole suiface of 

 the country was intersected by these inland nav- 

 igations. 



4. Now nothing is heard of but rail-roads. As 

 excellent and useiul as canals are, they are like- 

 ly to give way to rail-roads. Companies have 

 been formed for the constructiop of 3000 miles 

 of these iron roads at the expense of about 90 

 millions of dollars. 



The speedy, safe, and economical conveyance 

 of persons and property is of vast importance to 

 the prosperity of a nation. Without an easy 

 communication between the different cities and 

 provinces of a country, neither agriciillnre, com- 

 merce, nor mnnnfacluros can flourish. Great 

 Britain is indebted for much of her wealth and 

 strength to her numerous roads and canals ; and 

 her improvements in land and water carriages 

 are the admiration of other nations. The inter- 

 na! navigations of England alone exceed 3000 

 miles in kngth, and the total length of roads is 

 nearly 140,000 mile?. Canals intersect the coun' 

 try in every direction, and it is stated that no 

 part of England is lb miles distant from naviga- 

 tion, excepting a portion of two or three coun- 

 ties north of the Tees. All these improvements 

 are the work of individual enterpiise and exer- 

 tion. — France has some good roads and canals, 

 but comparing the whole extent of the two 

 coiinti'ies, she has not one twentieth part of the 

 canals possessed by England, and expends only 

 a ninth part as much for the maintenance ol 

 roads. The government of France is afraid to 

 trust power to combinations of individuals, and 

 is, besides, too much eng;iged in restoring the 

 Jesuit?, ;uul in reviving the mummeries of the 

 catholic church, to devptc much attention to in- 

 ternal iinprovemenls. Spain has rich churciies 

 and convent?, and abundance of priests and 

 monks, but she has no canal*, and few roads in 

 which carriages can travel. The harvest of one 

 province tots in the iields, while the inhabil;'.nts 

 of a neighbcriiig province are forced to seek 

 supplies of grain from foreign cotintries. In 

 Greece the roads constructed by the ancient 

 Greeks and Romans have disappeared, and now 

 there is nothing but narrow paths. The peas- 

 ants seldom make use of wheel carriages. Among 

 the nations of Asia and .Africa, roads are neg- 

 lected, and where there are no navigable rivers, 

 persons and merchandize are conveyed on the 

 backs of camels, horses, elephants, mules, asses, 

 {ic. Persia has neither roads nor navigable 

 rivers. In India all the land carriage is per- 

 formed by oxen, buffaloes, elephants, horses, &c. 

 No carriages are used, there being no roads 

 adapted for them. — China, by means of its 

 tnighty rivers and numerous canals, has a more 

 complete internal navigation than any other na- 

 tion of Asia. 



Ii'i the vast region? of South America, there 

 is hardly a carriage road excepting those across 

 the pampas or prairies ; almost every thing is 

 transported on the backs of mules. The pas- 

 sages across the Andes are extremely difficult 

 and dangerous. The paths are steep and nar- 

 row, and often constructed on the side of a moun- 

 tain, where a single misstep would plunge the 

 traveller to an immense depth. Many mules 

 are every year dashed to pieces in tlicse tre- 

 mendous chasms. 



The travelling condition of this country, 50 

 years ago, was not very different from that of 

 the " great-grandfathers" of the English, de- 



scribed in the beginning of this article. Elderly 

 people inform us that there were but few good 

 roads in New England prior to the revolutionary 

 war. For many years after the settlement of 

 the towns on Connecticut river, the only passage 

 to Boston was a horse-path winding through 

 Lancaster in Worcester county. Forty years 

 since, most of the land transportation in this part 

 of the country was performed by sleighs ia the 

 winter, and ox-carts in the summer. There are 

 towns in this vicinity in which there were not 

 more than one or two wheel carriages owned, 

 excepting carls, thirty years since. The road 

 from this town to Pittsfield was almost impassa- 

 ble for wheels previous to the construction of 

 the turnpike. When Mr- Butler commenced the 

 Hampshire Gazette in 1786, there was no post- 

 otfice in this town, no mail received, and public 

 stages were unknown. A mail was carried from 

 Boston to New York through Springfield, and 

 Mr Butler was under the necessity of sending to 

 Springfield for some years, to get the papers 

 printed in New York, Boston, &c. 



Now WG have good reads in every direction; 

 there is a prospect that a canal will be made 

 Irom this town to New Haven, and that the nav- 

 igation of Connecticut river will be improved; 

 t\vo and four wheel carriages are innumerable; 

 there is a post-oBice in every town in the coun- 

 ty ; and more than 25 stages, and nearly as many 

 ni.sils, arrive in this town every week. — Hamp. 

 Gametic. 



A plain atid short road to a good destiny. — .• 

 Be studious, and you will be learned. Be in- 

 dustrious and frugal, and you will be rich. Be so- 

 ber and temperate and you will be healthy. Be 

 virtuous and you will be happy. 



Would you punish the spiteful? Show him 

 that you are abovu liis malice. The dart he 

 threw at you will rebound and pierce him tc 

 the heart. 



Tlie Improved Diirhaiii Short Horned Bull ADMI 

 RAL, and the Herefordshire Bull SIR ISAAC. 



THE Trustees of the Massachusetts Agricultural 

 Society will let out, upon reasonable terms, the 

 above named imported animals. Thiy were purchased 

 and presented to the Society by Admiral Collin for the 

 benelit of his native slate. Reliance may be placed on 

 the purity of the stock. The Calves of Admiral have 

 proved very fine. He is now four years old, and is on 

 the farm of E. H. Derby, Esq. at Salem. His term 

 will expire there the Itjth of .iugus!, after which he 

 may be had for one year, in any other county. 



The Hereford Cull is two years old, — is now on the 

 farm of John Prince, Esq. Uoxbury. His term will 

 expire on the 12th July. Any person wishing him at 

 an earlier period will be accommodated. They are 

 both very gentle and fine-tempered. The stock of Ad- 

 miral are peculiarly (Jalculatcd for the Slull and Dairy. 

 The Hereford breed have sometimes carried prizes iu 

 England agsinst tlie " Short florns," as Bctf Cattle, — 

 They are also admirable X)/aug/ii cattle, and esteemed 

 good for the Dairy. 



The terms will be reasonable and advantageous to 

 the persons who shall take them for one year, and take 

 good care of them, as the great object of the Trustees 

 is to give an opportunity of crossing our native breeds 

 under the hope ol improving them. — For terms apply 

 to JOHN LOWELL, or JOH.V TKINCE, Esq. Rosbu- 

 ry. Roxbury, May 18'25. 



The FARMER is published every Friday, by John B. 

 Russell, at $*.50 per annum, in advance. 



Gentlemen who procure yii't responsible subscriber*, 

 are entitled to one voluuie gratis. 



