P ETC HO R A 227 



Tree Sparrows were very plentiful, replacing the House 

 Sparrow completely as we proceeded north. 



Of Magpies there were at most of the stations a pair, 

 but they became apparently commoner northward. 



Ravens were nowhere seen abundantly, but occasional 

 pairs were seen at Vologda and along our route. 



Yellowhammers were very common along the opener 

 parts of our route. 



Crossbills were very common in the wooded parts, 

 perching on the topmost twigs of the pine-trees. 



White- winged Crossbill. I identified one green bird 

 very distinctly, the white bar being very conspicuous. I 

 have little doubt we saw many more, but the light was 

 a difficult one in which to identify small birds at any 

 distance. 



Bullfinches were common on the skirts of the pine- 

 woods, and feeding generally in pairs on the droppings 

 on the road. 



. Marsh Tits were not uncommon on the edges of the 

 pine-woods. 



A Jay was seen during our eighteenth-nineteenth stage, 

 and another near Suja. 



Great Spotted Woodpecker. Several seen crossing the 

 road. 



Willow Grouse. Four or five were once seen, and were 

 scarcely distinguishable from the pure white snow upon 

 which they were sitting or running. 



Coal Tit. Seebohm saw one about the middle of the 

 journey. 



A large raptorial bird was seen, but not identified. 



Grosbeak. I saw what I felt almost certain was one of 

 this species. 



At different places we observed Eookeries ! in the 

 villages and towns, as at Vologda, and particularly along 

 our first and second day's stages. We were not able to 



