PETCHORA 339 



Woodpecker, Wood Sandpiper, Greenshank, Goldeneye, 

 Tree Sparrow, Pine Grosbeak, Barn Swallow, Eeed Bunt- 

 ing, White Wagtail, Larus cachinnans, Bean Goose, Red- 

 start, Ruffs, Temminck's Stint, Golden Plover, Common 

 Gull, Bewick's Swan, Snipe, and Wheatear. 



Golden Eagle. Several Eagles were seen, and one 

 identified as belonging to this species. 



Osprey. One bird of this species flew overhead, and 

 when fired at dropped from its feet a large bunch of damp 

 green moss, which it was doubtless bearing away to its 

 nest. A nest presumed to be of this species was observed 

 at a distance, on the top of a broken-topped larch on 

 the far side of the swamp. 



Hobby. One fine $ was shot while perched on a 

 horizontal branch of a larch on the edge of the swamp 

 behind the village. 



Three-toed Woodpecker. We saw only three of this 

 bird, although all the larches in the forest had their bark 

 riddled by their bills in search for insects. Two of these 

 were paired, and we did not succeed in getting a shot. 

 The other was a female, and was brought promptly within 

 range by Seebohm, who made an imitation of its rapping 

 upon the stock of his gun. It came eagerly straight to 

 us out of the forest and alighted near the top of a branch- 

 less pine, or larch-stump, 50 feet from the ground. We 

 first heard its loud vibratory rapping on some hollow old 

 larch a single 'rap,' followed by a pause, and then a 

 rapid succession and a final louder rap, thus ' Rap ; 

 r-r-ap, r-r-ap, r-r-ap ; Rap ! ' We have observed on 

 former occasions that Woodpeckers, when on the feed 

 and quite undisturbed, at once commence ascending after 

 alighting, and that they usually alight not very high 

 above the ground ; but if off the feed, and alarmed or 

 attracted by the call or tapping of another, they rest and 

 listen with the head erect or slightly thrown back, and 



