PHYSIOGRAPHY. 03 



Bituminous Coal. 



coak when kindled. They have a more or less considerable earthy res- 

 idue. 



3. Analysis. 

 By THOMSON. 



Newcastle or caking coal. Cannel Coal. 



Carbon . . . 75-28 . . . 64-72 



Hydrogen . . 4-18 '. . . 21-56 



Azote . . 15-96 . . . 10-72 



Oxygen . . 4-58 . . . 0-00 



4. The varieties called slate coal, foliated coal, and pitch coal, occur 

 chiefly in the coal formation ; some varieties of pitch coal, also the moor 

 coal, bituminous wood, and common brown coal, are met with in the for- 

 mations above the chalk ; the earthy coal, and some varieties of bitumin- 

 ous wood and common brown coal, are often included in diluvial and al- 

 luvial detritus. The coal seams alternate with beds of slaty clay and 

 common clay, sandstone, limestone, sand, &c. They are often associated 

 with vegetable organic remains in slaty clay, sometimes also with shells. 

 Generally there is more or less Iron Pyrites and White Iron Pyrites 

 mingled along with them, and they are sometimes traversed by veins of 

 Galena. 



The present species is so universally distributed, that only a few lo- 

 calities can here be mentioned as examples. Bituminous wood is found 

 in considerable quantity in Iceland, and is called Surturbrand; in the 

 Meissner mountain in Hessia, in the Westerwald, at Voitsbey in Stiria, 

 and at Bovey in Devonshire. Earthy coal is found at Merseberg, Halle, 

 Bernburg, and at Eislben in Thuringia. Moor coal occurs in the north- 

 ern districts of Bohemia. Common brown coal occurs in immense quan- 

 tities on the river Sau, and on the foot of the Schwaneberg Alps. Pitch 

 coal is likewise found in the Meissner, in Saxony, Silesia, on the Rhine, 

 and in France. Slaty coal occurs at Potschappel in Saxony, in Silesia, 

 in Westphalia, and particularly at Newcastle, White haven, and other 

 places in England and Scotland. Paper Coal, which occurs in thin pa- 

 per-like seams, is found in Saxony and Sicily. Cannel coal exists abun- 

 dantly in Lancashire and Shropshire in England and in Scotland. Jet is 

 brought from the Prussian amber mines, and is met with at a considera- 

 ble depth, between beds of sandstone, at several places in France. 



Bituminous Coal exists in the greatest quantity throughout extensive 

 portions of the States of Pennsylvania, Virginia and Ohio. From Galli- 

 opolis to the Falls of the Ohio, coal of the best quality may be bought for 



