220 PHYSIOGRAPHY. 



Galena. 



3. Galena is frequently found in veins, but also in great quantity in 

 beds, particularly in limestone rocks. In beds, it is accompanied by va- 

 rious other ores of lead, by Blend'e, Copper and Iron-Pyrites ; in veins, it 

 occurs along with ores of silver, copper and antimony, sometimes with 

 Native Gold. In both cases it is attended by Fluor, Calcareous Spar and 

 Quartz. 



4. The remarkable beds of Galena in Carinthia, which occur in lime- 

 stone, and are worked at Deutsch-Bleiberg, Windisch-Bleiberg, Win- 

 disch Kappel, Ebriach, and other places, possess in several respects a 

 striking similarity to those of Derbyshire, Durham and Northumber- 

 land, in England. It is also found in beds in olderTbcks, as in Stir- 

 ia, Carinthia, &c. In veins, it occurs in rocks of different ages, from 

 gneiss to the coal formations, in various parts of Saxony and Bohemia, in 

 the Hartz, in Anhalt, in Hungary, in Transylvania, in France, in Scot- 

 land, and in many other European countries. Fine crystals have been 

 obtained from the Pfaffenberg mine near Neudorf in Anhalt, from Sax- 

 ony, from Transylvania, from Cumberland, Durham, &c. Compact Ga- 

 lena chiefly occurs at Freiberg in Saxony, in the Hartz, in Carinthia, 

 and at the Lead Hills in Scotland. The Specular Galena, or Slicken- 

 sides, which consists of an extremely thin coating of this species on. 

 Quartz, or on some other mineral, is found principally in some of the 

 mines of Derbyshire.* 



American localities of Galena are exceedingly numerous, although we 

 have but few valuable mining deposits of this species. The most impor- 

 tant are those situated in Missouri, in the counties of Washington, St. 

 Genevieve, Jefferson and Madison; and at Galena in the north-west part 

 of the State of Illinois. In these regions the Galena is found in an allu- 

 vial deposit of clay and marl, through which are disseminated masses of 

 Quartz, the whole resting upon a secondary limestone. Numerous lo- 

 calities might also be quoted in Kentucky, Ohio, Tennessee, Virginia 

 and Maryland. In Pennsylvania, it occurs on Perkiomen creek, 23 

 miles from Philadelphia, accompanied by several of the salts of lead ; and 

 in New York at Ancram, and in Livingston's manor in Columbia co. In 

 Connecticut, besides thin veins at Middletown, Huntington, and South- 



* The Quartz or mineral on which it is formed, constitutes the vein 

 stone, adhering to both walls of the vein ; when these vein stones 

 meet, each being thinly coated by Galena, they are readily separated by 

 the pick, and indeed sometimes fly off spontaneously, with a loud explo- 



