PHYSIOGRAPHY. 225 



Garnet. 



their composition. It is particularly plentiful in mica-slate, gneiss, gra- 

 nite, and also exists, though in smaller quantity, in limestone, chlorite- 

 slate, serpentine and lava. Precious Garnet occurs in slaty primitive 

 rocks ; Grossular and Pyrope are found in serpentine, the latter also in 

 other rocks, through the decomposition of which it is brought into the 

 soil. Melanite is imbedded in lava, and occurs implanted in geodes 

 ejected by Vesuvius, also in primitive limestone. Pyreneite is found in 

 a blackish limestone, Common Garnet is found in beds, consisting either 

 wholly, or for the greater part of its varieties, accompanied by Magnetic 

 [ron-Ore, Hornblende and Epidote. Allochroite is found under similar 

 circumstances. Colophonite fbrms veins in primitive rocks. 



5. Grossular is found with Idocrase in a kind of serpentine, in Kamts- 

 chatka ; Melanite, at Frescati and Albano near Rome ; Pyrope, near 

 Bilin in Bohemia, and in the serpentine of Zoblitz, and the forest of Zell 

 n Saxony ; Pyreneite, near Bareges in France. Precious Garnet, some- 

 imes in large, but not very transparent crystals, and often covered with 

 coat of chlorite, occurs at Fahlun in Sweden, and in many localities of 

 the Tyrol, Carinthia, Stiria, Switzerland, Hungary, &c. The varieties 

 possessing lamellar compositions, are found in Greenland ; Common Gar- 

 net, in large quantities, at Arendal in Norway, Fahlun, Langbanshytta 

 in Sweden, Orawitza in the Bannat in Hungary, Stiria, Siberia and many 

 other places. Colophonite is known from Arendal; Allochroite from 

 Drammen in Norway, and the valley of Zem in Salzburg. The trans- 

 parent crystals of precious Garnet, called Jllmandine, are chiefly brought 

 from Ceylon and Pegu, where they occur in the sand of the rivers. The 

 Aplome comes from Lena in Siberia, Schwarzenberg in Saxony, and 

 from Bohemia and England ; the Cinnamon stone from Ceylon. 



Several very beautiful varieties of Garnet have been found in the U. 

 States. Small, but exceedingly perfect, dodecahedrons, of a handsome 

 red-brown color, and transparent, occur at Hanover, (New Hampshire,) 

 disseminated through hornblende-gneiss. Dark blood-red, and highly 

 splendent crystals, (modification 3,) present themselves in geodes, in 

 massive Garnet, Calcareous Spar, and Magnetic Iron-Ore, at Franconia, 

 (N. H.) Splendid geodes, of a transparent, cinnamon-brown colored va- 

 riety, (of modification 1,) are found, accompanied by Scapolite, in white 

 limestone, at Carlisle, (Mass.) : less remarkable specimens, also, of the 

 same variety, occur at Boxborough in the same region. Geodes of Mel- 

 anite, of great beauty, in which the crystals sometimes are above an inch 

 in diameter, occur at Franklin furnace, in New Jersey, inlimestonej as- 



