PHYSIOGRAPHY. 15 



Limonite. 



It is a hydrate of peroxide of iron, the proportions of peroxide of iron 

 and water, being as 85-30 to 14-70. 



4. Limonite occurs in beds and veins. When in beds, it is generally 

 accompanied by Spathic Iron, sometimes also by Heavy Spar, Calcare- 

 ous Spar, Arragonite and Quartz. These beds a-re included both in an- 

 cient and in secondary rocks, the latter of which, though very thick, do 

 not extend to a very great distance. When in veins, this species is fre- 

 quently attended with some of the ores of manganese. Acicular crystaU 

 of Limonite are met with in geodes of Quartz. Those varieties of clay 

 iron-stone which belong to the present species, either form beds by them- 

 selves in secondary rocks, or they are imbedded in strata of clay, in the 

 shape of larger or smaller globular concretions, some of them belonging 

 to the coal formation, others to various kinds of sandstone. 



5. Limonite is very plentiful in some countries. It occurs in beds in 

 gneiss, along with granular limestone, at Friesach, at Huttenberg, and in 

 the valley of Lavant in Carinthia, at Turrach and Eisenerz in Stiria*. 

 Other localities, under similar circumstances, in Europe, are, Torotsko 

 in Transylvania ; Dobschau, Szirk, &c., in Hungary; Schneeberg in 

 Saxony ; Kamsdord and Saalfield, in Thuringia : though at some of these 

 .places it is said to occur in newer rocks. It is found in veins in various 

 parts of Saxony, Nassau, the Hartz, &c. Gothite is found in the dis- 

 tricts of Siegen and Sayns ; the velvety varieties at Przibram in Bohe- 

 mia ; several crystallized varieties in the vicinity of Bristol, England, 

 and in the lake of Onega" in Russia. Rich varieties of the clay iron-ore 

 occur in Bohemia, in Silesia, at Wehrau in Lusatia, and in Westphalia. 

 The kidney shaped variety is met with near Teplitz in Bohemia, Tar- 

 nowitz in Silesia, in Poland, in several districts of Lower Stiria, &c. The 

 pisiform clay iron-ore is found in Swabia, Franconia, Hessia, and in the 

 district of Ayrshire in Scotland. 



Limonite is one of the most widely diffused mineralogical species of 

 the United States. Powerful beds of the fibrous brown haematite, ac- 

 companied by the ochery iron-ore, exist at Salsbury and Kent, in Con- 

 necticut, contained in mica-slate. In the neighboring towns of Beekman 

 and Amenia, (N.Y.) similar deposits are met vyith. Farther north, un- 

 der the same circumstances, at Richmond and Lenox, (Mass.) the like 

 varieties of the present species occur. The mica-slate, which embraces 

 the foregoing varieties, contains also beds of dolomite. At Hinsdale, 

 the fibrous variety occurs as a cement to a fragmentary quartz rock. 

 The nodular variety occurs at Gill, in the slate of the coal formation ; it 



