1 903 



FORESTRY AND IRRIGATION 



129 



this floating disc, the growing weight 

 will shift the center of gravity and cause 

 the viscous mass to sink lower along 

 the side of the cup nearest the spout ; 

 at the same time, the water level will 

 rise until the nail-hole permits an over- 

 flow. Thus each fresh drop of resin 

 will force out a drop of water, while, as 

 the water does not rise to the top of the 

 cup, no resin is floated over the edge. 

 After the streak has practically ceased 

 running, the water above prevents the 



the resin must flow over a long dry 

 face to reach the box. On the higher 

 faces the workmen with the broadaxes 

 change sides, the blow being then de- 

 livered by an overhand stroke. 



The installation, in detail, is as fol- 

 lows : 



On Virgin or Unboxed Timber. 

 Three pairs of workmen (right and left 

 handed) , with cornering axes, lead the 

 squad, cutting the flat faces for the gut- 

 ters. These are followed by a right- 



B 



FIG. 2. A DEVICE FOR BENDING GUTTERS (ONE-THIRD ACTUAL SIZE). 



resin in the cup from losing its spirits 

 of turpentine by evaporation. 



Where the equipment is to be placed 

 on trees which have previously been 

 worked under the box system, it is un- 

 necessary to provide the flat faces de- 

 scribed, as the surface left by the chip- 

 ping of the previous season answers the 

 same purpose. One of the chief ad- 

 vantages of the new method is that the 

 cup and gutters are placed each season 

 immediately below the streak, thereby 

 insuring a yield greater in quantity and 

 of better quality than is possible where 



handed and a left-handed laborer, who* 

 make the incisions with broadaxes for 

 the gutters. These eight men work 

 back and forth across the drift in narrow 

 lines, and are followed by eight others, 

 who quickly insert the gutters before 

 the incisions begin to close, drive the 

 nails, and hang the cups. In order that 

 no time be lost, the cups should be dis- 

 tributed to each tree by a boy following 

 closely after the axmen. In making the 

 incisions with the broadax, care should 

 be taken that the head of the ax is turned 

 down only slightly, otherwise the inner 



