FORESTRY AND IRRIGATION 



Broadax. Two broadaxes, with 

 blades 12 inches wide with straight 

 edges, are to be set on short straight 

 handles, one for a right-handed and one 

 for a left-handed man. 



On virgin timber a stock broadax, 

 single-beveled, is used. On boxed tim- 

 ber a double-beveled broadax is prefer- 

 able. 



Claw Hatchet. This is the only tool 

 required by the gutterman. It may be 

 used in driving the gutter in case it 

 sticks in the incisions, and answers also 

 for driving the nails upon which the cups 

 are hung and for the removal of bark, 

 etc. , in order to hang the cups properly. 



OPERATING WITH THE EQUIPMENT. 



Chipping. This operation is precisely 

 the same as in boxed timber. The upper 



into the cup. The cup is then removed 

 from the nail and the resin is cut from 

 the walls by a circular movement of the 

 knife and emptied into the bucket. 



Cost of Equipment for One Crop. 



Cups (10,500) at i% cents each $131.25 



Gutter strips (1,086 pounds galvanized 

 iron, No. 29 gage, cut in 2-inch 



widths) 103.27 



Cutting and shaping gutters 4.00 



Nails (6-penny wire) 1.05 



Freight charges (estimated) 30.00- 



Labor at trees 80.00 



Total $349-57 



The prices given are those at which 

 responsible firms will at present furnish 

 the material required. If the cups be 

 placed on boxed timber the item of labor 

 may be reduced to $30, as the chipping 



FIG. 3. SHOWING FORM OF GUTTER (ONE-THIRD ACTUAL SIZE). 



gutter is placed about 3 inches below the 

 chipping surface, thus giving abundant 

 space for the passage of the hack. 



Pulling. Here again no change what- 

 ever is made in the usual practice on 

 boxed timber ; the puller passes easily 

 between the gutter and the streak. 



Dipping. The tool used for dipping 

 the cups is a steel blade 8 inches long, 

 2 inches wide at the lower end, and 4 

 inches at the upper end. This may be 

 made from an old saw and fastened to 

 a w r ooden handle extending a little over 

 the upper end of the blade. Where the 

 cups have oval bottoms, the lower end of 

 the dipping knife should be rounded to 

 fit them. 



In dipping, the accumulated scrape is 

 first loosened from the gutters by means 

 of this dipping knife and pushed down 



of the previous season furnishes, without 

 further labor, the flat surfaces for the 

 gutters, which slide more readily into 

 the incisions on old faces than into those 

 on freshly exposed sap wood. The esti- 

 mated freight charges are based upon a 

 material reduction in freight rates re- 

 cently offered by the principal railroads 

 in the turpentine belt. 



In addition to the instructions given in 

 the circular just issued, the Bureau of 

 Forestry offers to all operators, without 

 charge, the assistance of Dr. Charles H. 

 Herty, who will personally direct in the 

 field the installment of the new method. 

 Applications for assistance should be 

 directed to the Forester, Bureau of For- 

 estry, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 

 Washington, D. C. 



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