426 



FORESTRY AND IRRIGATION 



September 



THE PRESENT METHOD OF HANDLING LOGS ON THE MISSISSIPPI 

 RIVER. PHOTO TAKEN NEAR I V A CROSSE, \VIS. 



one finds considerable 

 peat, and, in a few in- 

 stances, regular sphag- 

 num bogs. Commer- 

 cially, the timber has 

 been cut for fuel, posts 

 and rails. 



Taking up some of 

 the other plants, we 

 find that the sandstone 

 bluffs usually contain 

 considerable quantities 

 of the Junipcrus com- 

 munis. This frequently 

 also grows right into 

 the marsh. It should 

 be noted also that the 

 same species is found 

 upon limestone rocks. 

 Then the white pine 

 may or may not ac- 



is heavier. Such species as the red oak company the sandy formation surround- 

 and black oak also grow in nearly solid ing the marsh. 



bodies. Underneath the sandstone rocks such 



5. The Tamarack Formation. There herbaceous plants as Pelltragradlis, As- 

 is comparatively little tamarack left in pidium spimdosum, \\ 'oodsia ilvcnsis, and 

 the region of western Wisconsin ; the W. obtnsa, (icrardia grandi flora, and 

 species Larix americana never was abun- Gaultheria procumbent, 

 dant in La Crosse and Vernon counties Of the shrubby plants I'accininm penn- 

 or in southeastern Minnesota. The sylvanicum and Diervilla trifida. Bor- 

 writer knows of a marsh that is practi- dering the marshes we find Sali.v can- 

 cally extinct in Huston county, Minne- dida,S. ludda, S. disco/or, and S. rostrata. 

 sota, and of several small marshes of 40 

 or 50 acres in extent in eastern La Crosse 

 count}' along what is known as Mormon 

 coule ; also another in the La Crosse 

 Valley. These marshes were formed 

 under somewhat similar conditions. 



Surrounding the marshes are low hills sionally the Cypripcdium spectabile, Os- 

 consisting of outcrops of Potsdam sand- munda rinnamomea and O. regalis. Oc- 

 stone. The lower portions of this sand- casionally on the borders of the swamps 

 stone are highly retentive of moisture is found the red maple, Acer riibrum, 

 and form the base of the water-bearing which on the hills, however, is extremely 

 surfaces. Surrounding these marshes rare in this state. 



Where the swamps are being filled up 

 the Salix longifolia is beginning to ap- 

 pear in great abundance. More scat- 

 tered through the tamarack marshes we 

 find Comus stolonifera, Pyrns arbntifolia 

 and Ncmopanthes canadensis ; also occa- 



