204 FORESTRY AND IRRIGATION April 



opment of the species, especially in The Tulip-tree of the forest has a 

 height growth and quality of the tim- small pyramidical head held aloft by 

 ber. The tree is found growing in an exceptionally straight, cylindrical 

 exposed situations, but reaches greater trunk, which in the forests of the Car- 

 size in sheltered ravines and valleys, olinas and Tennessee is often free 

 and in protected coves along water from branches for 80 to 100 feet. The 

 courses. It is never found growing tree must have plenty of light; it will 

 in standing water, but will endure very not endure dense shades, but when 

 moist soil. crowded often pushes its crown up 



above the trees around it. If too 

 manner op occurrence. closely crowded and overtopped it is 

 The Tulip-tree is scattered by sin- sure to succumb, 

 gle trees or clumps of trees through- When grown in the open its form 

 out the forest. In specially favored does not change so radically as does 

 localities in the South it is often the that of most other hardwoods under 

 principal growth, but is not usually like conditions. Although the tree 

 the predominant tree over extensive grown in the open is broader and more 

 areas. In the North it occurs more limby, the main axis is usually main- 

 sparingly than in the South. It is gen- tained and the limbs grow out sym- 

 erally associated with other deciduous metrically. The root system possesses 

 trees, such as Chestnut, the oaks, wal- both tap roots and a considerable de- 

 nuts, hickories, maples, Black Cherry, velopment of the lateral roots. The 

 Locust, and Beech. On the South tap roots make early transplanting 

 Atlantic coastal plain it occurs with rather difficult, but the young trees 

 Sweet Gum, Black Cherry, Black grow rapidly when once established. 

 Gum, Swamp Chestnut Oak, and Wa- 

 ter Oak, or in peaty soils with the the wood its economic uses. 

 White Cedar (Chamcecyparis thy- The wood [& usually light> but va _ 



oides). 



ries in weight; it is soft, tough but 



characteristics OE Form and not strong, of fine textoe^ and when 



well seasoned is durable in contact 



growth. with the groun( j. It shrinks consid- 



The growth of the Tulip-tree is erably but seasons without injury, and 

 rapid when compared with that of the works and stands exceedingly well, 

 hardwoods with which it grows; it is The sapwood is thin, light in color, 

 also long-lived, specimens having been and decays rapidly. The wood is used 

 cut 320 years old. During the first for siding, paneling, interior finishing, 

 forty or fifty years the height growth and in the manufacture of toys, boxes, 

 is from 1 to 2 feet annually, with a culinary woodenware, etc. With the 

 diameter growth of one-tenth to one- diminution of the White Pine supply 

 fourth inch, or even more in favorable Tulip-tree is much used in its place, 

 situations. Measurements made on It makes a fair wood pulp, and is the 

 sixteen trees averaging 28.1 inches tree from which most of our postal 

 showed an average rate of growth of cards are made. The lumbermen rec- 

 1 inch every six years. After passing ognize two kinds of Tulip timber, viz., 

 fifty years, the rate of growth begins white and yellow. The difference in 

 to decrease until it practically ceases color is caused mainly by the differ- 

 when the tree is very old. The aver- ence in site conditions. On dry, grav- 

 age height is from 70 to 100 feet, with elly soil the wood produced is lighter 

 a diameter of from 3 to 6 feet; but in color, less durable, and harder to 

 much larger trees are often found, work, and is called "White Poplar." 

 some with a height of 190 feet and a The "Yellow Poplar" is grown on rich 

 diameter of 10 feet having been re- alluvial or sandstone soil, where trees 

 ported. of mature age have little sapwood and 



