738 CONSERVATION 



districts, and the lower trained men gen- This has an area of 60,000 acres cov- 



erally in the minor offices, or forests. ering part of a range of more or less 



The organization of the different gently sloping, rounded hills near the 



branches is somewhat different from coast, with an elevation of from just 



ours. They have six branches: above sea level to about 1,600 feet. It 



T is practically all either poor, deciduous 



i. Finance, personnel, and miscel- f , J ,U, ,, , 



forest or bare slopes. When the forest 



laneous business. ,f 



c . . ... , was taken over bv the state ten years 



2 Supervision of private forests. jg acreg -, d fe j - 



This branch takes in: (a) Cooperation the former m ment r\ ur ing ^ 



with private owners ; (&) care of pro- ten [n whid f the Government has 



ect.on forests, no matter to whom they had ' ch acres have heen 



belong; (c) policing of private lands lanted and fc j h 



(against trespass, etc.); (c/) dealing remaini I2 ' in he * f h 



with forest corporations; 0) admin- nex t three years 



istration of forest law on all forests; Vi .1 



(7) education important thing to be seen at 



,, r . Takahagi was the large state nursery, 



3. Works : ( (? Planting plans ; tbe la est in j Jt hag an &rea > f 



(ft) lumbering (all cutting is done by acres and j f 8iOoaooo 



the government) ; (c} the disposition , / 



of all the products of state forests. P lan * S P" ' The s P ecies are 



4- For the adjustment of state forests f% Shinoki . (Chamacyp obtusa} 



(this is only a temporary branch hav- and Cr yptomena (Cryptomeria Japon- 



ing charge of the work being done lca > Wlth a mixture of pine, chestnut, 



under the adjustment program, and and f lm - ^ supplies five other state for- 



will be done away with as soon as this csts m addition to Takahagi. A striking 



work is completed) : () Investiga- feature of the nursery is the fact that 



tion, surveying, and making working ' )0 th Shinoki and Cryptomeria are 



plans; (b) distinguishing between for- transplanted every year. 



est and agricultural land, and disposing The object is first to make the roots 



of the latter; (c) planting denuded grow, and secondly, so as to save space, 



areas. because labor is cheaper than land rent. 



5. Protection and management of This fact is very significant of the whole 

 state forests (corresponds to our branch situation in Japan. Labor is cheap and 

 of operation) : (o) Supervision of land is dear, due to the over-crowded 

 major and minor offices; (&) protec- condition of the whole country. The 

 tion and management: (c} dealing with cost of raising the plants is only $2 per 

 profit-sharing plantations ; 3 ((/) investi- thousand for Cryptomeria and $2.20 

 gation and giving back of private lands for Shinoki. In planting, they used 

 wrongfully taken from the people at to space five by five, but now they put 

 the time of the Restoration in 1868; them in six by six feet. Three-year-old 

 (c} dealing with litigations, both judi- plants are used. On account of the 

 cial and administrative. cheap labor (20 cents a day for a man 



6. Experiment station : (a) Utiliza- putting in 450 plants) the total cost 

 tion of forest produce: (b) forestry of planting is only $3.10 per acre, 

 proper (silviculture) ; (c~) collections Cleanings must be done in the planta- 

 of things made from forest materials, tions every year for five years at a cost 

 and of birds, insects, etc. of 50 cents per acre per annum. 



The working plan seems to be verv 



STATE FOREST OF TAKAHAGI i i i 11 i w-U r* 1 



closely modelled on the German plans. 



The first state forest visited was that even more so than the one at Kiso. 



of Takahagi, in the Tokyo Dai-rin- There are four separate parts to it. 



kucho (major office). 4 all in tabulated form : (i) The prelimi- 



2 The Government has authority to prohibit cutting on any private forest. 

 3 It used to be the practise to allow individuals to plant state lands for a share of the 

 profits. This is being done away with on account of the litigations to which it gave rise. 



There is a major office (district headquarters) in Tokyo, as well as the central office. 



