168 AMERICAN FORESTRY 



On these sale areas (as well as on all Government sales) all the timber 

 that is to be removed must be marked by a forest officer. He is responsible 

 for the work whether done by himself or by some one assisting him. Upon 

 his judgment depend the amount and kind of trees that are to be left to form 

 the remaining stand and to restock the open areas. He must know the silvical 

 characteristics of the different species and their relative values. His work 

 does not consist simply of putting the Government stamp on the trees that he 

 wishes removed that is by far the smallest part of his work. The various 

 conditions of the stand, slope, maturity of timber, soil, etc., present the 

 problems that are difficult, and he must solve them according to his judgment, 

 and treat that portion of the forest in accordance with his decision. Because 

 of the fact that all the marked trees must be felled, he is directly and entirely 

 responsible for the stand remaining, except the damage that may occur during 

 the progress of logging. 



After the timber has been marked the Government field supervision of 

 the operations devolves upon the expert lumberman assigned to this forest 

 (Mr. P. A. Kennedy), who sees that the specifications of the contract are 

 abided by, some of the main features of which are that the brush is piled, 

 care taken of reproduction, and stumps cut low. His time is taken up in 

 keeping an oversight on the operations. He inspects the work of the fallers, 

 sees that care is had to prevent breaking from falling ; that stumps are cut to 

 service requirements; that the trees are used well up into the tops; in other 

 words, that the utilization from the stump is as close as possible. Under his 

 direction the brush is piled. The crews of brush pilers are shown by him just 

 how the work is to be done and they follow his instructions. His duties do 

 not necessitate his being constantly at the heels of the lumber jacks. They 

 understand that his instructions are to be obeyed, not that he is a "boss," but 

 because it is the policy of the companies to live up to their contracts, and their 

 employees know that his instructions have reference only to the fulfillment of 

 the contract. 



THE SCALING OF THE LOGS 



The expert lumberman is also responsible for the scaling of the logs. Since 

 his duties require him to be in the woods so much of the time, it is necessary 

 that he have a sealer for each of these sales. They are Forest Service men 

 assigned to that duty under the supervision of the lumberman, who assumes 

 the responsibility. This does not mean that the sealers are irresponsible. It 

 means that the lumberman is responsible for the work done by them, just as 

 the supervisor is responsible for the work done by the expert lumberman 

 or any other man on the forest force. The scaling is done where it is most 

 convenient to the companies. They also have sealers of their own, and it is 

 very good evidence that the Government scale is satisfactory to them, since 

 no complaints have been made by them. 



Each company has a camp of about one hundred men, who get out from 

 40,000 to 50,000 feet per day (per camp) . The work is done quite systematically 

 on the plan of "division of labor." The felling, trimming, bucking (sawing 



