732 



AMERICAN FORESTRY 



as the new growth starts in the spring, 

 begin to feed on the leaves of the ter- 

 minal twigs, thus causing the brown 

 and withered appearance of the trees 

 later in the season. These caterpillars 

 stop feeding by the middle of Tune and 

 transform to the chrysalis or pupa stage 

 in thin webs among the living and dead 

 needles at the ends of the branches, 

 sometimes matted in a nest-like forma- 

 tion, and sometimes more or less sus- 

 pended from the terminal twigs. By 

 the first of July the adults begin to come 

 out from the chrysalis stage and appear 

 on the wing as small grayish moths, 

 often appearing in vast numbers on the 

 trees and flying toward light. They 

 continue to fly and to deposit their eggs 

 in small greenish masses on the needles 

 of the trees until about the middle of 

 July, when the moths die and disap- 

 pear. The eggs soon hatch and the 

 young caterpillars become partly 

 grown before the end of autumn, pass- 

 ing the winter among the terminal 

 shoots of the trees, where they remain 

 until the next spring, when the life 

 process is repeated. 



There is no practical way of protect- 

 ing forest trees from the attack of this 



insect, but in the case of a limited num- 

 ber of small decorative trees around a 

 residence or in a park, the foliage could 

 be protected by spraying with arsenical 

 solution about the time of the opening 

 of the buds and the appearance of the 

 new growth in the spring. The spray 

 should contain 2 l / 2 pounds of arsenate 

 of lead to every 50 gallons of water. 



The best information obtainable re- 

 garding the seasonal history of this in- 

 sect indicates that there is no occasion 

 for any great alarm as to its continued 

 presence, or any fear of extensive loss 

 of spruce and fir as a result of its 

 work. The spruce bud-moth has many 

 natural enemies which multiply very 

 rapidly as the Ichneumon and Braconid 

 flies, both of which were, fortunately, 

 very numerous this year in this re- 

 gion. These may be counted on within 

 a few years to reduce the numbers of 

 the pest to a point where the limited 

 amount of damage attracts no attention 

 and does little injury. Since, however, 

 one or more years may elapse before 

 these parasitic enemies of the spruce 

 bud-moth gain control, the destruction 

 of some of the spruce and fir trees in 

 the infested zone is inevitable. 



CONSUMPTIVES ON FOREST RESERVE 



NOTEWORTHY plan to estab- 

 lish camps in the State forest re- 

 serve where persons convalescing 

 from tuberculosis or threatened with 

 that disease might spend the greater 

 part of the year spring to fall and be 

 provided with light work that would 

 place them upon a self-supporting basis 

 was outlined a few days ago before the 

 Wisconsin Anti-Tuberculosis associa- 

 tion by E. M. Griffith, the State forester 

 of Wisconsin. 



Mr. Griffith, who had been asked to 

 give his views as to how a part of the 

 State's forest reserve of almost a half 

 million acres might be utilized in the 

 fight against the white plague, suggested 

 that the State board of forestry might 

 set aside several thousand acres of land, 



including one or more lakes, for the 

 use of those recovering from tubercu- 

 losis and of those menaced by the 

 disease. It would be necessary, he 

 stated, for the legislature to make an 

 appropriation, which need not be large, 

 to cover the cost of building shacks for 

 the patients and of providing medical 

 attendance for them. 



The forestry board, Mr. Griffith said, 

 might give these patients light work in 

 its nurseries and in planting trees. This 

 work could be so arranged that the 

 strength of none would be overtaxed. 

 For instance, some might work two 

 hours in the forenoon and two hours 

 in the afternoon, some three hours in 

 the forenoon and three hours in the 

 afternoon, and some four hours in the 



