194 



AMERICAN FORESTRY 



urement being the circumference at the 

 top of the pole. The "butt" circum- 

 ference being six (6) feet from the butt. 



Ties are usually 8 or 8^ feet long. 

 First class ties are 7 inches thick and 

 not less than 7 inches or over 12 inches 

 wide at any place on the face, and must 

 be hewed or sawed on two faces; 

 sometimes allowed to be sawed on four 

 sides, and then to be 7 inches by 9 

 inches. Second class ties are 6 to 9 

 inches thick, and with a face not less 

 than 6 inches wide. 



It is generally stipulated that not 

 over 25 per cent of second class ties will 

 be accepted on any contract. By far 

 the most common woods used for ties 

 are chestnut and the various oaks. 

 Red oak is discriminated against, either 

 fetching a lower stated price, or ties of 

 first-class dimensions being considered 

 as second-class white oak. The follow- 

 ing prices may be taken as a fair 

 average : 



First Class Ties: Chestnut, 53 cents; 

 White and other oaks, 65 cents; R.ed 

 oak, 45 cents; 



Second Class Ties: Chestnut, 47 

 cents; White and other oaks, 53 cents; 

 Red oak, 41 cents. 



Cordwood is generally sold by the 

 cord in ranks eight feet long, of wood 

 cut into sticks four feet long, and 

 stacked to a height of four feet. Near 

 towns, however, it is very frequently 

 cut into shorter lengths, such as twelve 

 or eighteen inches, so as to be of stove 

 size; but this generally fetches almost 

 the same price as four-foot pieces, on 

 account of the extra convenience to the 

 user. 



Cordwood for firewood is worth about 

 $4 per cord for chestnut and similar 

 woods; $5 for oak, and $6 for hickory. 

 Poplar and spruce cordwood for pulp 

 or excelsior, is worth about $8.50 at the 

 mill. 



Charcoal is worth from six to ten 

 cents a bushel. 



USES OF PRINCIPAL KINDS OF WOODS, 

 AND PRICES. 



The most important general and 

 special uses of our most important 

 woods and average value "log run" for 

 each kind, under average woodlot con- 



ditions, is given below and'should prove 

 very useful. Average "log run" values 

 are considerably below the value where 

 used for some special purpose. The 

 owner therefore should always look for 

 the very best market for his product; 

 and for that product most in demand 

 and yielding the greatest profit. 



White ash is used mostly for agri- 

 cultural implements, vehicle stock, fur- 

 niture, basket veneer, and many special 

 uses. Good white ash is especially 

 valuable, and should always secure a 

 special market. 



Black ash is rather less valuable 

 than the white ash and is used mostly 

 in veneer stock, for baskets, etc. The 

 average price is about $21.50 per thou- 

 sand feet of lumber, although it fre- 

 quently reaches $40 per thousand or 

 more. 



Aspen is generally sold by the cord. 

 The average price is about $8.50 per 

 cord at the mill. Its common uses are 

 for excelsior, pulp, boxes, crates, veneer 

 baskets, etc. Popple brings about the 

 same price, and used for the same 

 purposes. 



Basswood is generally sold for lumber 

 of the better grades, and special stock 

 is used mostly for vehicles, in furniture, 

 for veneer stock, etc. Its average 

 price is about $21.00 per thousand feet. 



Beech is sold mostly for lumber and 

 cordwood. Its average price is about 

 $14.50 per thousand. Its main use is 

 for agricultural implements, furniture, 

 and novelties, such as clothes pins, 

 wooden blocks, musical instruments, 

 etc. 



Birch is sold for lumber or cordwood 

 at an average price of about $20 per 

 thousand feet. Its main uses are for 

 furniture, and veneer stock, and for 

 interior finish. This wood is often stained 

 and used as a substitute for mahogany. 

 Good birch logs should always command 

 a special price. 



White birch and paper birch very 

 seldom grow to sizes large enough to 

 warrant use for lumber, and are mostly 

 used for cordwood; and for wooden 

 novelties, such as clothes pins, tooth- 

 picks, spools, etc. 



Cedar is used mostly in the round 

 for posts and poles. The red cedar 



