FORESTRY ON THE COUNTRY ESTATE 



863 



chestnut and hickory. We did not have 

 the blight, nor have we had any special 

 insect epidemics, and we have more 

 than our share of birds, for there seem 

 to be as many here every summer as 

 there used to be twenty years ago in 

 the suburban towns much nearer New 

 York than we are. Every Appalachian 

 species is well represented, and one can 

 hear the quail whistling in the woods 



d. c. 



AMBROSIA BEETLES IN OAK. 



(a) MONARTHRUM MALE AND HIS WORK; (b) PLATYPUS 

 COMPOSITUS AND GALLERIES. 



any summer morning, before the day 

 noises have begun to drown out all the 

 sweet, quiet woods sounds. 



But insect, fungus, fire and light prob- 

 lems will occur, and are continually 

 coming up in any forest estate, and the 

 only way to avoid suffering from them 

 is to have the equipment and fight them 

 vigorously until you have the mastery. 

 Beginning with the first two, anything 

 that chews leaves can be combated 

 with a poison spray, of which arsenate 

 of lead is the best, as it sticks to the 

 foliage in spite of showers that would 

 wash off Paris Green. For forest work, 

 where there is no lumbering or logging 

 road, nor fire lane down which a barrel 

 spray wagon can be moved, the knap- 

 sack or bucket spray apparatus will 

 answer. The cost runs from five to 

 fifteen dollars, and a large barrel spray 

 pump, with barrel and agitator attach- 

 ment, will cost thirteen dollars. The 

 standard solution will make fifty gallons 

 of spray to the gallon of chemical, and 

 the latter is all that need be carried, 

 replenishing the water supply at the 

 nearest brook. All sort of nozzle length- 

 ening attachments, in the form of light 

 pipes with a nozzle at one end and a 

 hose connection at the other, for treat- 



ing tall trees, can be had, as can also 

 all the standard spray chemicals, all 

 made up and only needing the addi- 

 tion of water, at any of the big seed 

 houses. Several special nozzles for 

 various types of spraying should also 

 be provided, since such sprays as Bor- 

 deaux mixture require occasional de- 

 gorging. Certain caterpillars of the 

 European species our native birds will 

 not touch, and for these spraying is the 

 only remedy (but it is effective), and 

 for all the fungus diseases the Bordeaux 

 mixture spray is essential. For scales 

 and lice the whale oil and kerosene 

 emulsion sprays will be needed, such as 

 for the April spraying of your silver 

 maples for cottony maple scale, and 

 oyster shell scale on poplars and hard 

 maples. Bordeaux mixture is the best 

 remedy yet discovered for blight on 

 chestnuts,' slime flux on all large gaping 

 wounds in the cambium layer of any 

 tree, and anthracnose in sycamores and 

 oaks. In these latter trees the affected 

 twigs had better be pruned off and 

 burnt in the early spring, which brings 

 us to another much-needed tool, the 

 pruning hook and tree saw, both of 



AMBROSIA BEETLES IN HICKORY. 



a, b, and c. Hickory borer, larvae, pupa and adult. 

 The remedy is to cut off and burn dead all in- 

 fected branches and inject kerosene oil into 

 the galleries on the tree trunk. 



which come with twelve foot or longer 

 handles for forest tree work, the cost 

 being about a dollar for each tool, or 

 they can be bought combined in one tool 

 for $1.75. A couple of good extension 

 ladders will also be needed, the thirty- 

 foot size, costing around twelve dollars, 

 being ample for nearly all forest work. 

 In the fall there will be some cocoon 

 cleaning to do, and the implement for 



