364 AMERICAN FORESTRY 



reach a tree six feet high in five years kill off all your young broadleaves by 

 and are in better shape to set out than nibbling the tender young buds. You 

 if put in the forest on their third spring, will then have a practical working nur- 

 If at that time, instead of taking to sery that well repays its cost in saving 

 the forest you make a second trans- seedling and sapling expense, 

 planting to the sapling bed, you will The subject of underplanting the for- 

 add to the vigor of the succeeding root est, of planting abandoned pastures in 

 growth and push the young tree along conifers and of planting both conifers 

 faster than if you had set it out. Speci- and broadleaves at advantageous points 

 mens for particular localities where they in the forest has been pretty well gone 

 are wanted for their scenic value as i n to in previous articles in this series. I 

 soon as possible had best be forced here show an example herewith of reclama- 

 in the sapling bed, being set out on t ion work in Merdare, French Alps, 

 eighteen-inch centers with the usual which applies to reforestation work on 

 dead leaf couch in between rows. At our owll hillsides where the slope is 

 their fifth spring they are ready for very stee p. In the case shown the 

 use and far ahead of the three-year s i ope s had been entirely denuded and 

 tree already out in the forest two years. not even heather could get a foothold ; 

 As a lot of the root system will neces- the brook in the ravine had gone dry, 

 sarily be lost in digging them up, they and scouring of the mineral sub-base 

 should be pruned somewhat in the had begun. The first thing to do was 

 crown so that the tree can occupy itself to arrest this SCOU ring, and this was 

 exclusively with root growth during its done by d i gg i llg shallow trenches, par- 

 first year in the forest. And this must alld< six feet t> with the mound of 

 not be done severely as with fruit trees ; earth excavated al iled in a low 

 neither oak, ash maple or beech can be art on the downhi n face of t he 

 pruned to a whip, as is done with a ]ed rh[& formed a k [n whkh 

 young peach and to cut it off short as h * ^ w Q transplants were 



is done with a one-year apple would i , r ,, -,, ^i 



, , .. .* J . -,, planted forthwith. I he scouring action 



be simply killing the tree with excess , , , u r^ 



, 11 , of the rains immediately began to fill 



of sap, for the bark of an oak is so . , \ \ ^ 



tough that it by no means can push m , the h llo Y s beimd he ram P arts a d 

 forth new branch buds with the ease f ec u ^ e the . sl P e ^ a shar P a : le 

 of the fruit trees, while a beech must b ? t , lo ?f 1 bef re * IS C T ld , ^ 

 have shade on its trunk when young or P hshe . d tbe ? om ^ VT had taken 

 the bark will be scalded. The Silly ^ m thc : s ?' 1 , of th ? ram P a .rts and 

 pruning required while in the sapling Ied 8 es 1 and had made considerable 

 nursery will be a clipping of the outer growth. They at once stopped the 

 twigs to a pyramidal head and the re- scouring and soon formed a forest mold 

 moval of the second branch in case the of their leaf-fall, and in a few years 

 tree seems inclined to fork. In all that hillside was covered with a dense 

 planting of broadleaved species provide forest and the springs began to flow 

 for a good many more than you propose once more - France spent over 260 mil- 

 to set out, so that you will have a chance lion dollars in reclaiming such denuded 

 to reject all crooked seedlings and re- sl P es in the French Alps and the 

 turn all the spindly ones to the nursery. Pyrenees, and brought over 10,000 tor- 

 Having decided upon an area that will rential streams under control in this 

 raise all the conifers, broadleaves and way. The forests were cut down and 

 saplings you require on the above s ld by the extravagant and ignorant 

 spacings, see that it has access to run- Directory of 1790; for fifty years the 

 ning water for irrigation or sprinkling country endured the droughts and floods 

 in time of drought, make its boundaries occasioned by this denudation of the 

 rectangular for economy in bed space, mountain slopes, and finally decided to 

 trench around it to keep out rodents restore the forests at any cost. The 

 and put a two-foot chicken wire fence resulting increase in land values alone 

 along the inside edge of the trench to has more than paid the Republic for 

 keep out rabbits which would otherwise its expenditures. 



