The charge should be firmly tamped. Avoid being on the same 

 side of the stump as the trench when the blast is fired, as fragments, 

 etc., are thrown with more violence and to greater distances on that side. 



Second-growth Stumps 



There is often directly under a second-growth stump the decayed 

 remains of the original stump ; this is soft, and the force of the explosive 

 when placed on it seems to merely scatter this dead wood and has no 

 marked effect upon the stump above. To overcome this difficulty, it is a 

 good plan to dig under the stump and place a good sized flat stone 

 between the roots, leaving only room on top of stone for the dynamite. 

 Damp clay should then be firmly packed around the dynamite. This 

 gives sufficient resistance to the explosive to enable it to lift out the 

 stump. Red Cross Extra 40% dynamite should be used. See pages 

 119 to 126 for proper method of priming, charging, tamping and firing. 



Felling Trees 



Occasionally when clearing land of growing timber, it is of ad- 

 vantage to blast out the entire tree and saw off the root afterwards. 



This process here is exactly the same as in stump blasting, but a little 

 more dynamite is required to bring out the tree, roots and all, than to 

 blast the stump after the tree has been cut and the lower part of the 

 trunk is usually split some. The blast lifts the tree straight up a foot or 

 two; then it falls, generally with the wind. See pages 119 to 126 for 

 proper method of priming, charging, tamping and firing. 



Splitting Stumps and Logs 



\Yhen stumps, particularly large ones, are blasted out whole or 

 nearly so, it is sometimes necessary to split them up so that they can be 

 conveniently handled or burned. This can be readily accomplished with 

 dynamite; only a small quantity of explosives being required if the 

 charge is properly tamped in auger holes bored part way through the 

 stump. 



In the South the pine stumps are very large producers of turpentine 

 and by-products. Nothing is so effective as dynamite for breaking up a 

 stump for this purpose. Charges of a few inches of Red Cross 40% 

 Extra Dynamite, exploded simultaneously in several auger holes bored 

 in the stump, will shatter it up into exactly the size required. 



When logs are split up to be burned quickly, the same method is 

 used as when splitting stumps ; but if they are to be split for fence rajls, 

 cordwood, charcoal, or other purposes where comparatively even and 

 regular sections are required, Du Pont Blasting Powder, in granulation 

 FF, FFF or FFFF, should be used. 



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