AN ECONOMIC STUDY OF THE PRODUCTION OF CANNING CROPS 15 



The topography in this section is level to rolling. The soils on which peas 

 were grown are for the most part Ontario loam and fine sandy loam. This is 

 a general-farming section, in which wheat is the most important crop. Next 

 to wheat and hay, more acres of peas were grown on these farms than any 

 other crop (table 4). 



Steuben area 



The farms in the Steuben area are located in three counties Steuben, 

 Ontario, and Livingston. The parts of the three counties included in 

 the area have more or less similar conditions. The Steuben Products 

 Company operated four factories in this area, located respectively at 

 Cohocton, Atlanta, and Way land, in Steuben County, and Naples in 

 Ontario County. A few outlying viner stations were operated. 



The topography in this area is extremely varied. The farms may be 

 divided into two classes, the hill and the valley. The valleys are nearly level, 

 with steep banks on both sides. The tops of the hills are rolling. The 

 soils in general are light, fairly deep, and not very well supplied with lime. 



This is a very important potato-producing section. Twelve per cent 

 of the land in crops on the farms visited was in potatoes in 1920. Other 

 cultivated crops are not important. Peas were the second cash crop in 

 importance (table 4). A considerable proportion of the land in this area 

 is in pasture, woods, and waste. The farms are larger than in the other 

 areas, but the acreage of crops grown per farm is about the same. 



Ontario area 



All the farms in the Ontario area are located in the eastern part of the 

 county. The company for which the peas were raised, the Geneva Pre- 

 serving Company, had a factory in the city of Geneva. Two viner stations 

 were operated in the territory covered. The topography is level to 

 rolling, and the soils are chiefly Ontario loam and fine sandy loam. Apples, 

 cabbage, and wheat are important cash crops (table 4). 



Peas were of less importance in this section than in any of the other 

 areas. One of the viner stations was in a new location. Peas were a 

 new crop to most of the farmers and no large acreages were grown. In 

 the future, if the experience of other sections is repeated, some of the growers 

 will probably drop out ; others will put in larger acreages, and the acreage 

 of peas per farm on the farms growing peas will be more comparable to that 

 in the other areas. 



Other counties 



The farms which are designated as in " other counties " are located 

 as follows: Niagara County, 2; Wayne County, 10; Ontario County, 6; 

 Seneca County, 4; Cayuga County, 6; Onondaga County, 4; Madison 

 County, 2; Cortland County, i. On about 60 per cent of these farms, 

 accounts were kept by farmers. These farms probably had higher yields 

 per acre and lower costs per ton than the average of the farms in the 

 sections in which they are located. 



COST OF PRODUCTION 



The average cost of producing an acre of peas in 1920 on the 262 farms 

 in all areas in which data were obtained, is given in table 5, and the average 

 cost in each area is given in table 6. 



