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the farmers are organized, the better both for them and for 

 the country at large. Farmers need associated effort in order to 

 secure the right sort of education and in order to learn reliance 

 and self-help. The power of the farmers to organize shows, in a 

 measure, their capacity as a class. Doubtless there will be 

 opposition to these associations of farmers from interests that 

 prey upon the farmers; hence the government and good citizens 

 should encourage and help the farmers in their organizations. 

 At present there is a sad lack of rural leaders in China just as 

 there is apt to be in any country. It is highly to be desired, 

 therefore, that intelligent leadership shall, at the outset, be 

 found among the better educated groups, possibly among 

 business men who see the need and are willing to help. 



Other types of Organization. In addition to the Farmers' 

 Associations there must be some sort of Agricultural Council, 

 made up of representatives of the Government, of farmers* 

 asssociations, of educational agencies, perhaps of chambers of 

 commerce, and of individuals who are interested. The Council 

 should endeavor to formulate wise programs and secure the 

 means of carrying them out; it should be a clearing house for 

 the agricultural problems in China, a body that can study the 

 problem in its wider aspects and plan accordingly, a group that 

 can speak on behalf of Chinese agriculture as a whole. 



There are two phases of a comprehensive agricultural 

 program for China, one that has to do with the country as a 

 wh'ole and one that has to do with each village by itself. 



B. An All-China Agricultural Program 



It is almost impossible to secure the most rapid and most 

 complete development of Chinese agriculture unless there is a 

 definite program of advance. The processes in making this 

 program are as follows: 



1. Make an analysis of the problems; that is, the difficulties 

 and defects that Chinese agriculture now has to consider. Find 

 out the facts with respect to each one of these problems and 

 make sure that sufficient is known about each problem so that 

 this knowledge may form the basis for plans and remedies. 



2. Discover the most effective ways in which these 

 difficulties may be met and these defects remedied. Undoubt- 

 edly the study of western agriculture will help to answer these 

 questions, but the suggestions must come largely from the 

 knowledge and experience of those here in China. 



