218 THE COMPLETE ANGLER. 



pieces of bents, and rushes, and straws, and water-weeds, and I 

 know not what, which are so knit together with condensad slime, 

 that they stick about her husk or case, not unlike the bristles of 

 a hedurehog ; these three cadises are commonly taken in the be- 

 ginning of summer, and are good indeed to take any kind of 

 fish, with float or otherwise. I might tell you many more, which 

 as these do early, so those have their time also of turning to be 

 flies later in summer ; but I might lose myself and tire you by 

 such a discourse : I shall therefore but remember you, that to 

 know these and their several kinds, and to what flies every par- 

 ticular cadis turns, and then how to use them, first as they be 

 cadis, and after as they be flies, is an art, and an art that every 

 one that professes to be an angler has not leisure to search after, 

 and, if he had, is not capable of learning. 



the atmosphere completes the transformation ; though (as Sir H. D. says) 

 some species fix themselves on plants and stones, and, bursting the skin, 

 appear winged of full size. The greentail or grannom ( Tinodes) derive 

 their color from the eggs in the female, and are very numerous in the 

 spring. Those whose cases are cylindrical are most analogous to Walton's 

 piper, and the conical to his cockspur. The piper is the largest of the 

 tribe. Hawkins very well observes : " It is greatly to be wished that none 

 had written upon aquatic insects but men conversant with natural history, 

 which would have prevented much confusion from the erroneous use of 

 various illiberal terms, cadew, cod-bait, cad-bait, cot-worm," &c. A scien- 

 tific friend remarks, that " to render a work on angling-flies of much service 

 to this country would require much study and observation, so as to intro- 

 duce the native species in place of the foreign ; but, as the Americaif trout 

 are not far advanced in their entomological studies, they might very well 

 mistake a European for an indigenous species ; and therefore such works 

 on the subject as are approved by English anglers may be of great service 

 to the fly-fisher at home." 



Another friend, very skilful with his rod, says : " Under flat stones by 

 springs of water, there is a small black and brown lizard, or ewet, with 

 two legs and a long tail ; its motion is quick, and it darts almost instantly 

 away ; when caught, it is among the best baits for trout. But it must not 

 be confounded with that which lies in the bottom of stagnant waters, and 

 is comparatively sluggish, for the last is of no account," The same gen- 

 tleman strongly recommends a young mouxe for large trout; and says, 

 "^ that trout have been known to take even the red squirrel when swim- 

 ming across the water ; and that he himself found a ground mole of some 

 size in the maw of one." — Am. Ed. 



