JAWS AND TEETH OF HERBIVORA. Vol 



large and prominent ; and the arch of bone (z), 

 from which the masseter arises, takes a wide span 

 outwards, so as to give great strength to the 

 muscle. The condyle, or articulating surface of the 

 jaw (c), is received into a deep cavity, constituting 

 a strictly hinge joint, and admitting simply the 

 motions of opening and shutting. 



In herbivorous animals, on the contrary, as 

 may be seen in the skull of the Antelope, Fig. 27.'>, 

 the greatest force is bestowed, not so much on 



the motions of opening and shutting, as on those 

 which are necessary for grinding, and which act 

 in a lateral direction. The temporal muscles, 

 (occupying the space t,) are comparatively small 

 and feeble; the condyles of the jaw are broad 

 and rounded, and more loosely connected with 

 the skull by ligaments ; the muscles in the in- 

 terior of the jaw, which move it from side to side, 

 are very strong and thick ; and the bone itself is 

 extended downwards, so to afford them a broad 

 basis of attachment. The surfaces of the molar 

 teeth are flattened and of great extent ; and they 

 are at the same time, by a provision which will be 

 hereafter explained, kept rough, like those of mill- 

 stones ; their office being in fact very similar to 



