DIGESTIVE ORGANS OF INSECTS. 189 



to the former. In this herbivorous insect, the oeso- 

 phagus (o) is, as might be expected, very short, 

 and is soon dilated into a crop (p) ; this is followed 

 by a very long, wide, and muscular stomach (s), 

 ringed like an earth-worm, and continued into a 

 320 long and tortuous intestine (i, i), which 



presents in its course several dilatations 

 (c, c), and receives very elongated, con- 

 voluted and ramified hepatic vessels 

 (h. h). Fig. 320 is a highly magnified 

 view of a small portion of one of these 

 vessels, showing its branched form. 

 In the alimentary canal (Fig. 321*) of the^cWr/a 

 aptera (Stephens), which is a species of grasshopper, 

 feeding chiefly on the dewberry, we observe a 

 long oesophagus (o), which is very dilatable, en- 

 larging occasionally into a crop (i), and succeeded 

 by a rounded or heart-shaped gizzard (g), of very 

 complicated structure, and connected with two re- 

 markably large biliary pouches (u and b), which 

 receive at their anterior extremity, the upper set of 

 hepatic vessels (v v). A deep furrow in the pouch 

 (b), which, in the horizontal position of the body, 

 lies underneath the gizzard, divides it apparently 

 into two sacs. The intestinal canal is pretty uniform 

 in its diameter, receives in its course a great number 

 of hepatic vessels (h h) by separate openings, and 

 after making one convolution, is slightly constricted 

 at N : it is then dilated into a colon (c), on the coats 



* The figures relating to this insect were engraved from the draw- 

 ings of Mr. Newport, who was also kind enough to supply me with 

 the description of the parts they represent. Fig. 321 is twice the 

 natural size. 



