15 



One thousand six hundred cubic feet of air space should be 

 pro\aded for each horse in the stable, and the stables be so 

 arranged that fresh air may be admitted without causing drafts . 



EFFECTS OF AN IMPURE SUPPLY OF WATER. 



HoweA^er harmless impure water may have been to animals in a 

 wild state, the more we subject them to an artificial existence 

 the more we remove them from the immunity they may have 

 possessed against common causes of disease and the greater lia- 

 bility is there for the development of diseases which originally 

 may never have existed. 



ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICINES. 



Medicines may enter the body through any of the following 

 designated channels: First, by the mouth; second, by the lungs 

 and upper air passages; third, by the skin; fourth, under the 

 skin (hypodermically); fifth, by the rectum, and sixth, by intra- 

 venous injection. 



1, By the mouth. — Medicines can be given by the mouth in the 

 form of powders, balls, and drenches. 



2, By the air passages. — Medicines are administered to the 

 lungs and upper air passages by inhalations and nasal douches. 



3. By the skin. — Care must be taken in applying some medi- 

 cines over too large a portion of the body at any one time, as 

 poisoning and death may follow from too rapid absorption 

 through the skin. For domestic animals medicines are to be 

 applied to the skin for local purposes or diseases only. 



4. Medicines may be given by the rectum when we can not 

 give or have them retained by the mouth; when we want local 

 action; to destroy the small worms infesting the large bowels; 

 to stimulate the peristaltic motion of the intestine and cause an 

 evacuation, and to nourish the body. 



WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 



Solid measure. 

 1 grain (gr.). 



1 dram (dr. ) 60 grains. 



1 ounce (oz. ) 8 drams. 



1 pound (lb. ) 16 ounces. 



