89 



3. The exterior of the wall should be left intact. The practice 

 of rasping the wall for the sake of appearances destroys the horn 

 and allows of so much evaporation from the surface of the foot 

 that the part becomes brittle. 



4. The sole should not be touched with the knife; it is there 

 for the purpose of protection. 



5. The bars should not be cut away; they are a part of the 

 wall and intended to carry weight. The shoe should rest on 

 them. 



6. The frog should not be cut, but left to attain its full growth. 

 No frog can perform its functions unless on a level with the 

 ground surface of the shoe. 



7. The shoe should have a true and level bearing and rest well 

 and firmly on the wall and bars. 



A plain light-weight shoe is the best— one plain on both ground 

 and foot surface. 



High nailing is injurious; do not use any more nails than are 

 absolutely necessary, as the nails destroy the horn. 



CHAPTER IV. 



WOUNDS, SPRAINS, BRUISES, AND CONTUSIONS. 



TREATMENT OF WOUNDS. 



It consists of the bandaging and dressing of wounds. A dress- 

 ing is a mode of local, periodically repeated treatment, producing 

 a continued action, following ordinarily the performance of 

 operations, and consisting in the methodical application upon 

 the surface of wounds of special apparatuses which complete the 

 effect of the operation and cooperate in the recovery. 



Before applying a dressing the wound should be thoroughly 

 cleansed and freed from blood, pus, the remains of pre^^ous 

 dressing, and, in a word, of any foreig-n or other substances 

 capable of becoming sources of irritation. This is best done 

 with water, but its effect is frequently greatly improved by 

 combining with it some of the antiseptics, such as carbolic acid, 

 creolin, bichloride of mercury, etc. 



It may be applied by carefully passing a ball of oakum over 

 the surface of the wound, or it may be used more freely in larger 



