10 FOOD LAWS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. 



are considered as not subject to the food and drugs act. Food 

 Inspection Decision No. 103, on "The labeling of turpentine/' clearly 

 sets forth the department's views respecting a substance recognized by 

 the United States Pharmacopoeia, yet having a large technical use as 

 well. In this decision it is held that "when wood turpentine is 

 labeled 'Not for medicinal use,' etc., it is not subject to the food and 

 drugs act. When not so labeled it is in violation of section T of the 

 food and drugs act unless labeled 'wood' or 'stump' turpentine." 



This policy is outlined in Food Inspection Decision 58 and the 

 same principle applies also to foods which have a technical use, as, 

 for example, olive oil. With respect to importations this phase of 

 the question is covered by Food Inspection Decision 93, which is an 

 amendment to Regulation 34 of Circular 21, Revised, of the Secre- 

 tary's office. This regulation as amended reads as follows: 



Unless otherwise declared on the invoice, all substances ordinarily used as food 

 products will be treated as such. Shipments of substances ordinarily used as food 

 products intended for technical purposes should be accompanied by a declaration 

 stating that fact. Such products should be denatured before entry, but denaturing 

 may be allowed under customs supervision, with the consent of the Secretary of the 

 Treasury, or the Secretary of the Treasury may release such products without dena- 

 turing, under such conditions as may preclude the possibility of their use as focd 

 products. 



ADMINISTRATIVE WORK AND METHODS OF ENFORCEMENT. 

 GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE MEASURES. 



Before entering into a further discussion of these laws it is desirable 

 that a brief account of their method of enforcement be given. This 

 control is very much subdivided and is somewhat complex. In 

 some ways this subdivision of control and authority suggests the 

 condition existing in the United States, although its existence is for 

 different reasons. In the United States each State has its own sepa- 

 rate law and its own controlling officers, while the Federal law con- 

 trols only the manufacture and sale of foods and drugs in the District 

 of Columbia and the Territories, the shipment of these commodities, 

 in interstate and foreign commerce, and their sale in the "original 

 package," * although the line of demarcation between State and 

 National control is sharply drawn. In the United States most of the 

 States have laws modeled quite closely after the national law, while 

 in the United Kingdom one and the same law is operative throughout 

 Great Britain and Ireland. The sale of food and drugs acts specify 

 the local authorities by whom the acts are to be administered (the 



1 The term "original package" here used means the original package as denned by the Supreme Court 

 with respect to articles of interstate commerce. Decisions bearing on this point are found in Food Inspec- 

 tion Decision 86. 



The Supreme Court decided March 13, 1911 (Hipolite Egg Co. v. U. S.), that adulterated and mis- 

 branded articles of food which have been transported in interstate commerce are liable to seizure within 

 the boundaries of a State as long as they remain in the original unbroken packages. 



