CONTENTS 



Page 



Preface v 



Introduction i 



Introductory Embryology 8 



Histology 21 



Comparative Morphology of Vertebrates 29 



The Integument 29 



The Skeleton 41 



Dermal Skeleton 43 



The Endoskeleton 47 



Axial Skeleton 48 



Vertebral Column 48 



Ribs 60 



Sternum 63 



Episternum (Interclavicle) 66 



The Skull 67 



The Skull in the Different Classes 82 



Appendicular Skeleton no 



The Median Appendages in 



Paired Appendages X12 



The Shoulder Girdle 114 



The Pelvic Girdle 118 



The Free Appendages 123 



The Muscular System 129 



The Parietal Muscles 131 



The Visceral Muscles 138 



The Dermal Muscles 139 



The Diaphragm 140 



Electrical Organs 140 



The Nervous System 142 



Central Nervous System 143 



Spinal Cord 144 



The Brain 147 



Envelopes (Meninges) of the Central Nervous System 162 



The Brain in the Separate Classes 163 



The Peripheral Nervous System 173 



The Spinal Nerves 173 



The Sympathetic System 177 



The Cranial Nerves 179 



The Sensory Organs 19a 



Nerve-End Apparatus 193 



Lateral Line Organs 194 



The Auditory Organs 197 



Organs of Taste 204 



Olfactory Organs 204 



ix 



