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EMBERIZA CANADENSIS— LATHAM. 



CANADA BUNTING. 



Tree Sparrow, Fringilla arborea, Wils. Amer. Orn. 

 Fringilla Canadensis, Bonap. Syn. 

 Emberiza Canadensis, Tree Bunting, Sw. & Rich. 

 Tree Sparrow, Fringilla Canadensis, Nutt. Man. 

 Tree Sparrow, Fringilla Canadensis, Aud.Orn. Biog. 



Specific Character — Upper mandible blackish brown ; lower yel- 

 lowish-red ; upper part of the head bright chestnut red ; tail rather 

 long, both webs of all the feathers margined with white, the outer 

 feathers more broadly margined and conspicuously tipped with 

 white. Adult with the upper part of the head bright chestnut- red.; 

 sides of the head, neck, and fore part of the breast, pale bluish 

 gray — the throat rather lighter, as is the band over the eye ; rest of 

 the lower parts grayish-white, with the sides tinged with yel- 

 lowish brown ; sides of the breast marked with reddish-brown ; 

 fore part of the back streaked with chestnut, yellowish-gray and 

 dusky ; rump pale yellowish-gray ; quills dark brown, the inner 

 secondaries darker, which, with their coverts, are broadly margin- 

 ed with light red ; tail feathers dark brown, margined with grayish 

 white, as are the outer primaries ; two distinct bands on the wing, 

 formed by the tips of the secondary and first row of small coverts, 

 which are white. Length six inches and a quarter, wing two and 

 seven eighths. 



This species visits us only in the winter, and retires to its breeding 

 place at the North in the month of April. Its habits are very sim- 

 ilar to the Snow Bird, with which it associates. According to Dr. 

 Richardson, this species arrives in small flocks on the banks of the 

 Saskatchewan in the third week in April, and after a short halt, 

 proceeds farther north to breed. 



