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GENUS PIPILO— VIEJLL. 

 GROUND FINCH. 



[Bill short, stout, conical, compressed towards the end, slightly notched — 

 bristles at the base, narrower than the head ; head ovate, neck short, body 

 rather full ; wings of moderate length, rounded ; feet stout, toes rather long — 

 tarsi longer than the middle toes.] 



PIPILO ERYTHROPHTHALMUS— LINN. 



TOWHE GROUND FINCH, OR TOWHE BUNTING. . 



Towhe Bunting, Emberiza erythrophthalma, Wils. Amer. Orn. 

 Fringilla erythrophthalma, Bonap. Syn. 



Ground Robin, or Towhe Finch, Fringilla erothrophthalma, Nutt. Man. 

 Towhe Bunting, Fringilla erythrophthalma, And. Orn. Biog. 



Specific Character — Sides of the body and lower tail coverts red- 

 dish-brown ; terminal portion of the outer three tail feathers, and a 

 band about midway the primaries on their outer webs, white. 

 Adult with the head, neck all round, upper portion of the breast, 

 and upper parts black ; a spot of white on the outer webs of the 

 primaries toward their bases ; a large patch of white on the outer 

 tail feathers, diminishing on the second and third ; the rest plain 

 black; sides of the body reddish-brown, lower tail coverts much 

 paler ; rest of the lower parts white. Young with the upper parts 

 dull reddish-brown, streaked with brownish-black ; lower parts 

 yellowish-gray, streaked on the fore neck, fore part of the breast, 

 and sides, with dusky ; abdomen yellowish-white ; wings and tail 

 the same as the adult. Length of adult eight inches and a half, 

 wing three and three-eighths. 



This common bird is familiarly known by the appellations of 

 " Ground Robin," " Swamp Robin," and " Chewink." 



