1855. 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



55 



require the removal ot" large limbs. If this is everl way, the frost will penetrate tar downward, looseL- 

 necessary it is well to check the sap for one or ing and disintegrating the soil below the furrows, 

 two summers by partly girdling the branches you while the ridges will crumble down, as they will 

 wish to remove. This may be done without the [not hold water, the air will circulate freely through 

 slightest danger or inconvenience during the grow- j them, decomposing the mineral portions, and con- 

 ing season, and in the Autumn, when the limbs veying in ammonia and other gases. This opera- 

 are cut away, the wounds will keep dry and soon tion will be equal to ton or more loads of good 



become perfectly hard. If they are of considera- 

 ble size, it is well to cover the exposed part with a 

 little paint. 



In my own practice, I have found great success 

 in partly girdling limbs which I wished to check 

 and subsequendy remove. I have found the prac- 

 tice interesting in one particular ; the limbs gir- 

 dled are sure to bear before the others. The de- 



manure upon clay or compact soils. 



In the spring it will only be necessary to run a 

 plow once or twice through the centre of each 

 ridge, and then level the whole down with a heavy 

 harrow. 



Another advantage in this process, is that when 

 land is thus prepared, it dries out and warms sev- 

 eral days earlier in the spring. Again there are 



scendin(» sap is cheeked and forms fruit spurs. i some soils that are exhausted upon the surface, 

 Scions set in thrifty stocks generally require no I but which contains poisonous substances in the 

 pruning the first year. The second year, where | subsoil. If this subsoil is thrown up in contact 

 two have been set and both lived, one should in-' with the air and frost during winter, these poison- 

 variably be removed. If the limb is large and lous compounds (usually proto-sulphate of iron or 

 thrifty, great care is necessary to save the remain- 1 manganese) will be destroyed, or changed to a 

 ing scion from a too great rush of sap. This may .harmless form, during the winter, 

 be done by leaving on the limb sufficient branches| The above practice is especially to be recom- 

 of the original stock, which should be gradually re-l mended in the garden. One of the most success- 

 moved. 1 may remark here that too many scions! ful cultivators of an acre of ground in our acquai«t- 

 are usually grafted into a tree. A few in a fewjance, digs it up in the fall to the depth of three or 

 years will afford enough top. Trees usually bear 'four feet, making deep trenches and high ridges, 

 apples on the outside, in the sunshine. A thick ' so that the whole acre appears to be covered with 



high winrows of hay placed closely together. 



We strongly urge every farmer who has not 



tried this method, to lay out their plans now for 



top is always barren. 



TIME OF PRUNING. 



If you trim when the tree is not in leaf, when j experiment in this way, or on a larger or smaller 

 the sap starts it will ooze from the wound, and 'scale, during the present season. — American Agri- 

 discolor and kill the bark. The part exposed will' euZ^um;. 

 rot, and soon decay will extend through the entire . 



heart. If the tree is small, it is often ruined ; if it 

 is a large tree, it is very seriously damaged. It is 

 better to prune in Autumn or while the tree is in 

 full leaf. In June the wound will immediately be- 

 gin to heal. In September it will remain dry and 

 sound. 



TOOLS FOR PRUNING. 



These should be sharp. For small trees excel- 

 lent knives are made, which every owner of a tree 

 should use. For removing limbs of a considerable 



CONCOED FARMERS' CLUB. 

 The Annual meeting of the Concord Farmers^ 

 Cluh took place on the evening of the 9th inst. 

 The persons elected were, 



E. W. Bull, rrcmlent. 

 Wji. D. Brown, Vice President. 

 MiNOT Pratt, Secretary. 

 John Raynolds, Treasurer. 

 Standing Committees were then elected and Re- 

 V^'^^^ ordered on the following subjects: — ma- 

 siTe"rusra mallerand a hghr hand chisel. " The ' ""J'es i to^^d crops; root crops ; grain crops; gnu^s 



crops; livestock; farm buildings and farms; farm- 

 ing tools ; reclaiming waste lands ; garden fruits ; 

 ornamental gardening ; fruit and ornamental trees ; 

 draining; feeding stock; pruning, and a special 

 We know of no treatment so directly beneticial,j committee on the value and eflects of ijuanoasa 



chisel cuts smoother than a saw, and quicker. 

 FROST AS A MANURE. 



for almost every class of soils as that of throwing fertilizer 

 up land in narrow ridg.is, in the fall or early win- 

 ter. There are few" soils, worth cultivating at 

 all, that do not contain more or less materials 

 which can be made available to plants by the com- 

 bined action of air and frost. 



Take two plots of heavy soil, side by side, and 

 let one lie unmoved till spring, while the other is 

 deeply plowed in autumn, and the result will be 

 very visible in the spring crop. But the manner 

 of plowing is important. To secure the greatest 

 advantage, a single furrow should be thrown up, 

 and another back-furrow directly upon it, so as to 

 produce a high ridge, and another ridge is to be 

 made in the same manner with a deep dead-furrow 

 between the two. Tiie process is to be continued 

 thus through the whole field, so that when finished 

 it will present a surface of high ridges and deep 

 dead furrows, succeeding each other, about once 

 in two or two and a half feet. If prepared in this 



TIMBER. 



Ilow full of graceful .sentiment Is the following extract from 

 Vaughan's Poems, published in 1(!40 : 

 Sure thou didst flourish once, and many Springs, 



Jlany bright mornings, mucli dew, many showers 

 I'ass'd o'er thy head; many light hearts and wings, 



That now are dead, lodged in thy living towers : 



And still a new succession sings, and flics — 

 Fresh groves grow up, and their green branches shoot 



Towards the old and still-enduring skies. 

 While the low violet tlirivefb at their root. 



I§^ Often breakihg up a surface keeps a soil in 

 hcdlth — for when it lies in a hard bound state 

 enriching showers run off, and the salubrious air 

 cannot enter. 



