8 



New Churn — Harnessing Horses. 



Vol. II. 



clear off the field of contreversy, he very pro- 

 perly asks exemption from further danger and 

 from a continuance of the discussion. He is 

 entitled to both. Yet what means the shout 

 of victory which I hear in the distance ! — 

 " the fact is now admitted that holJow horn 

 exists — that the bony part of the pith wastes 

 away by a disease to which all horns are lia- 

 ble." 



So far from being now admitted, it has 

 never been denied. The question, therefore, 

 rests on precisely the same ground where I 

 had placed it before Subscriber drew his pen 

 in its support. 



New Garden, 7 mo. 15th, 1837. 



For the Farmers' Cabinet. 



New Cliurn. 



Mr. Editor,— The following is a descrip- 

 tion of a Churn which I lately saw in use in 

 Columbiana county, Ohio. It consisted of a 

 box about 30 inches long, 12 inches wide, 

 and 12 inches high, with rockers placed un- 

 der it, lengthwise. On the inside there was 

 a rack, to stand upright, with a gutter cut in 

 each side of the churn, and said rack is put 

 in in the form of a slide. The cream is then 

 placed in the box and the operation performed 

 by rocking, which produces butter in a very 

 short time, and is performed with much less 

 labor than any other way where the opera- 

 tion has to be performed by manual labor. 



The amount of cost in making is a mere tri- 

 fle, and those wishing to try the experiment, 

 can do it with very little trouble. J. K, 

 iJeaver co., 7 njo. 15th, 1837. 



Hai'uessiiig Uorscs. 



Under this head comes the question of the 

 best direction of the traces, or, as it has gene- 

 rally, but less clearly been called, the angle 

 of inclination of the line of traction. This 

 question appears to have been always consi- 

 dered one of great importance: the point has 

 been frequently discussed, and various opin- 

 ions have been advanced; some havino- re- 

 commended it to be horizontal, others in- 

 clined; and, as they have each in their turn, 

 in demonstrating the correctness of their own 

 theory, proved the error of others, there can 

 be no presumption in laying them all aside, 

 and in taking a different, but at the same 

 time, a more simple and practical view of 

 the case. By referring to a figure, we see 

 that if AD represent that portion of his whole 

 weight which is relieved from his fore-leo-s 

 and AE the direction of the traces, then AF 

 is the measure of the horizontal pull upon 

 the carriage. Now, AF bears a constant 

 proportion to AB, which represents the strain 

 upoa the legs; and AD being constant, AB, 



and consequently, AF increase or diminish 

 according as the angle ADB is increased or 

 dimmished: that is to say, the horizontal pull 

 applied to the carriage is proportionate to 

 thestram upon the legs; but they are both 

 dependent upon the angle formed by the 

 traces, increasing or diminishing as the lat- 

 ter are inclined downwards or upwards from 

 the collar ; so that whether the traces be in- 

 clined upwards, as Fig. 3, or downwards, as 



Fig. 3. 



fig. 5, or whether they be horizontal, as fig, 

 4, makes no difference in the manner of pull- 

 rig. 4. 



ing. In the first case, a portion of the ani- 

 mal's weight is borne by the traces, and ia 

 transferred by them to the carriage. AF is 

 here small, but the strain upon the legs AB, 

 is also proportionably less than in the second 

 case, where the traces are horizontal. In 



Fig. 5. 



fig. 5, where the traces incline downwards. 



