14 



The Chintz Bug on Corn — Explanation of Terms. Vol. II. 



ern paper, is an evidence of this. The writer, 

 speaking of the loss of corn by the chintz 

 bug, and suggesting a plan for their destruc- 

 tion, says: — "As soon as these insects leave 

 the wheat, they commence upon the corn, 

 destroying each stalk before they leave it. 

 The husbandman must take them at the on- 

 set. In order to prevent them from lodging, 

 let the interstices of tlie blade and stalk be 

 filled with sand or loose dirt, flatten the earth 

 at the root, by clapping it with the hoe, and 

 then shake the insects off By this means 

 they will all fall on the hill, where they can 

 be beaten with the hoe, and covered over 

 with dirt, so as to prevent their recovery. 

 The hill must be clapped smooth with the 

 hoe each morning, and left in that way, so as 

 the better to get at the bugs the next morn- 

 ing. This process should be followed up for 

 a few mornings, which will be sufficient to 

 prevent them from getting headway in the 

 field, and will destroy them for the season. 

 The experiment is well worth the little 

 trouble it will occasion." 



"Clapping the hills smooth with a hoe 

 each morning" in some of the forty acre fields 

 of corn that we have seen in some parts of 

 Maryland, must be no ordinary task, but one 

 that we suppose, however essential to their 

 welfare, very far from being a matter of " lit- 

 tle trouble." 



Explanation of Terms. 



1. Broad-Cast Husbandry — is that in 

 which the grain or seed is sown by a cast of 

 the hand, so as to be strewed equally as pos- 

 sible over the whole ground. 



2. Drill Husbandry—is that in which the 

 grain or seed is sown in rows, by means of 

 machines contrived for that purpose, and the 

 ground afterwards kept stirred and cleared 

 of weeds by a kind of plough called the 

 horse-hoe, hence sometimes called tbe horse- 

 hoeing husbandry. 



3. Convertible Husbandry — is when the 

 ground is cultivated alternately in tillage and 

 grass. 



This is much practised in some parts of 

 the country, with wheat and clover. A field 

 in clover, soon after haying, is turned up and 

 sowed with wheat and clover seed. After 

 the wheat is taken olT, it is once mowed, 

 when it is again ploughed up and sowed as 

 before ; thus, the ground carries wheat every 

 other year, and the intermediate years clover. 

 The term applies also to a succession of any 

 kind of crops in which gi'ass is comprehended 

 as one. 



4. Trench Ploughing — is running the 

 plougli twice in the same furrow. 



In doing this the top soil, with all its foul 

 seeds, is cast to the bottom of the trench, and 



a new soil is thrown up on which the sun 

 had never before shed its rays. It is done 

 sometimes at one operation by a plough con- 

 structed for the purpose, caUed a trench- 

 plough. 



5. Horizontal Ploughing — is so conduct- 

 ed, by the use of an instrument, called " raft- 

 er level," as to lay the sides of hills in hori- 

 zontal beds, about six feet wide, with deep 

 hollows or water furrows between, for the 

 purpose of retaining the rains. 

 I 6. Indigenous Plants — are such as are 

 natives of the country in which they are 

 found or grow. 



Thus, maize, the potatoe, and tobacco are 

 called indigenous to America, having first 

 been found here, and from America intro- 

 duced into Europe. ^ 



7.\ Exotic Plants — are such as are na- 

 tives of foreign countries. 



Such as the lemon tree, and many others, 

 when introduced into the New England 

 States and cultivated in hot houses."] 



8. Annual Plants — are such as are of 

 but one year's duration. 



Such are most of our garden plants and all 

 others growing from seed sown in the spring, 

 which arrive at maturity in the summer or 

 autumn following, producing flowers and 

 ripe seed, and which afterwards perish both 

 in their top and root. 



9. Biennial Plants — are such as, in their 

 roots at least, are of two years duration. 



iMany of these plants perish in their top 

 the first year, but live in their root through 

 the winter, and the second year shoot up 

 stalks, flower, produce seed, and afterwards 

 perish both in root and branch. Such are the 

 parsnep, carrot, &c. 



10. Perennial Plants — are such as are of 

 many years duration. 



Such are all plants, whether the leaves 

 and stalks perish annually or not, provided 

 the roots are of many years duration, as the 

 horse-radish, burdock, &c. 



11. Herbaceous Plants — are those whose 

 herb, that is, whose stem and branches are 

 of but one year's duration, whether the root 

 be annual, biennial, or perennial. 



I2I Escident Plants— are such as are re- 

 plete with nutritious matter, consequently, 

 proper for being eaten as food. 



Such as parsneps, carrots, cabbage,;^ beets 

 and various others of a similar nature. ; 



13. Umbelliferous Plants— are all such as 

 produce their flowers on the ends of numer- 

 ous little flower stalks or rays, nearly equal 

 in length, spreading from a common point or 

 centre^ forming a level, usually convex or 

 globose surface, somewhat like a spread um- 

 brella^ as the parsnep, carrot, kc. 



14:.[ Lcgu7ninous Plants— are those of the 

 pulse ' kind, which, producing their seed in 



