No. 1. 



Explanation of Terms— August- 



- Drought. 



15 



pods, may be gathered by the hand, as peas, 

 beans, &c.) 



15. Culmiferous Plants — are all such as 

 have smooth pointed stems, and whose seeds 

 are inclosed in chaffy husks or coverings. 



All the grains and most of the grasses, as 

 well as many other plants, are of this kind. 



wl^Deciduous Plants — are all such plants 

 whether of the tree or shrub kind, as shed or 

 lose their leaves, in the autumnal or winter 

 seasons.) 



17. Tuberous Roots — are such as consist 

 of one or more knobbed tubes, of a solid, fleshy 

 substance, as the potatoe, artichoke, &c. 



18. Bulbous Roots — are such as have 

 a roundish, swelling, bulbous form, composed 

 of numerous scales or coats, as the onion, 

 garlic, &c. 



19. Tap Roots — are such as in the form of 

 a tap descend down into the ground in a per- 

 pendicular direction, as the carrot, parsnep, 

 red clover, &c. 



20. Fibrous Roots — aresuchasare wliolly 

 composed of numerous thready or fibrous 

 parts, such as the roots of all kinds of grain. 



21. Radicals, or Radicles — in botany, are 

 the small fibrous roots, which extend them- 

 selves in every direction in the earth for the 

 purpose of collecting nourishment for the 

 support of the plant. 



To be continued. 



to work at draining. You may drain certain 

 marshes on your premises, which will afford 

 you better soil than you now cultivate ; cause 

 your land to be more healthy, and the earth 

 taken from the ditches will make valuable 

 deposits in your cow-yard and pig-sty. 



Augn§t. 



Please to attend in season to preserving 

 your sheep from the oisirus ovis,or fly which 

 causes worms in their heads. This may be 

 done by keeping the noses of the animals 

 constantly smirched with tar from the middle 

 of August till the latter part of September. 

 In order to accomplish this, it has been re- 

 commended to mix a little fine salt with tar, 

 and place it under cover, where the sheep 

 can have access to it, and they will keep 

 their noses sufliciently smirched with tar to 

 prevent the insect from attacking them. De- 

 stroy thistles, which some say may be done by 

 letting them grow till in full bloom, and then 

 cutting them with a scythe about an inch 

 above the surface of the ground. The stem 

 being liollow, the rains and dews descend in- 

 to the heart of the plant, and it soon dies. — 

 Select the ripest and most plump seeds from 

 such plants as are most forward and thrifty, 

 and you will improve your breeds of vegeta- 

 bles by means similar to those which have 

 been successful in improving the breeds of 

 neat cattle, sheep, &c. As soon as your har- 

 vesting is finished, you will take advantage 

 of this hot and dry weather to search your 

 premises for mines of maHure, such as peat, 

 marl, mud, &c., which often gives-unsuspected 

 value to swamps. Now is also a good season 



I>roaight. 



As a country becomes cleared of its timber, 

 it becomes more liable to droughts ; and these 

 will be more or less severe according to cli- 

 mate. That which is naturally cool and 

 moist, such as that of Great Britian and Ire- 

 land, will seldom, if ever, be afiected by too 

 mucli dry weather; while that in which the 

 summers are hotter, and of course the atmos- 

 phere drier, wfll often suffer much on this 

 account. In most parts of Spain, the fields 

 are parched up by the middle of summer ; 

 but before this the crops are all harvested. 

 In this country, droughts are never so severe, 

 nor so universal ; yet partial ones are often 

 experienced, much earlier, and long before 

 the crops have come to maturity. This is an 

 evil ; and all the farmer can do, is to make 

 the best possible provision against it. 



Generally speaking, nothing is better cal- 

 culated to ward off" the effects of droughts, 

 than good cultivation, by ploughing suflicient- 

 ly deep and effectually, and manuring well. 

 Ground that is well mellowed, to a proper 

 depth, will stand a drought much better, than 

 that which is ploughed shallow and left in 

 clods; and that which is well manured will 

 retain more moisture than that which is poor. 

 Again, ground which is thus well prepared, 

 and manured, shoots forth its crop so rapidly, 

 that the ground is soon covered and shaded 

 from the sun ; and, for this reason, retains its • 

 moisture longer. The same may be observed 

 of mowing-lands. 



Gypsum is also an antidote to droughts; 

 and, fortunately, it suits the soils best which 

 are most affected in this way. 



Another way to avoid the effects of 

 droughts is, to cultivate swamp-lands more 

 extensively, in raising such productions as 

 are most liable to receive injury in this way. 

 Such lands, when well drained, and duly 

 mixed with proper earths, or other manures, 

 may undoubtedly be rendered excellent for al- 

 most every summer crop v/hich is liable to 

 be injured by too much dry weather. Wet 

 lands also, which have been hollow-drained, 

 will stand a drought much better than in 

 their origfinal wet state. 



Two tea-spoonfuls of mustard from the 

 mustard pot, mixed with water, and swallow- 

 ed, instantly operate as an emetic, and are re- 

 commended in ease of accidental or other in- 

 ternal poisoning. 



