36 



Agricultural Implements, No. 11. 



Vol. n. 



appeared insufficient for half a dozen sheep 

 the summer season, and not as much manure 

 in the barn-yard as would dress a common 

 sized gnrden. Every thing necessary to im- 

 prove this field iiad to be purchased ; it was, 

 therefore, no difficult matter to know the 

 expense. The manure is all carried out at 

 the cost delivered upon the field, and the 

 tield is credited with all the produce, except 

 the pasture, at the cash prices in Wilming- 

 ton, about 1^ miles distant. 



The interest account against the field is 

 not carried out, but the second crop now 

 growing will considerably more than balance 

 it, leaving the field to stand against the labor 

 of cultivating three crops and taking them 

 to market. It will be seen that the profits 

 of this operation has all grown out of the 

 manure. I have been thus particular, in or- 

 der to obtain a knowledge of the value of 

 worn out lands in the vicinity of manure. 

 Stone lime can be had from the Schuylkill, 

 and leeched ashes, bone dust, glue makers' 

 offall, comb makers' shavings, and other kinds 

 of strong manure will bear shipping from 

 Philadelphia and Baltimore, up the creeks 

 and inlets of the Delaware and Chesapeake 

 Uay. More again on this subject. 



Subscriber. 



For the Farmers' Cabinet. 



Agricultural luiplemcnts. 



NO. XI. 

 SUBTERRANEAN DRAIXIXG MACHINE. 



A machine for this purpose is used to ad- 

 vantage where stones, (the usual materials.) 

 cannot be procured to make subterranean 

 drains; the following description will explain 

 the principle of the machine, and its opera- 

 tion. Suppose a standard passing down 

 through a plough beam to a proper depth, 

 and terminating at the lower extremity in a 

 conical form with the point in advance, and 

 with the base or hind end sufficiently large 

 to make an opening in the ground of the re- 



quired dimensions, when forced through it. 

 The point may go two or three inches in ad- 

 vance of the standard, and the fore (or ante- 

 rior) part of the standard be made sharp, and 

 the remainder of such dimensions as the force 

 to be applied may require, and the whole be 

 composed of cast iron, and confined to the 

 beam by keys. 



The tollowing dimensions will probably be 

 sufficiently strong for four horses, or eight 

 hundred pounds, viz: 



Depth from the beam to the lower ex- 

 tremity, one foot. 



Width of the standard, ten inches. 



Thickness of the hind edge, one inch. 



Horizontal length of lower extremity, one 

 foot. 



Diameter of large end of lower extremity, 

 two and a half inches. Or instead of the 

 lower extremity being of a conical form, it 

 may be of a pyramidal or any other form that 

 circumstances may require. 



With a machine of this description, sub- 

 terranean drains may be made at the rate of 

 several miles per hour, with no expense ex- 

 cept four horses and two men, besides the 

 machine, which need not cost more than an 

 ordinary plough, so that an acre of ground 

 crossed in squares of two or three feet each 

 way, would cost but little in tlie operation. 



Oxen as well as horses, can be used to ad- 

 vantage to draw it. 



August Jst, 1837. 



For the Farmers' Cabinet. 



Au expeditious maimer of producing 

 Trees and Slirubs* 



This consists in surrounding a branch or 

 limb of a tree with earth, and keeping it suf- 

 ficiently moist to receive the roots formed on 

 this part of the branch, and girdling the 

 branch by degrees during one season of its 

 growth between this part and the body of the 

 tree, immediately adjoining the part sur- 

 rounded by the earth. 



Suppose a cubical box of three inches 

 square, composed of thin boards nailed to- 

 gether, and a horizontal branch passed through 

 holes in the middle of two opposite sides, and 

 the remainder of the box filled with vegeta- 

 ble mould, (say decayed leaves from the 

 woods,) passed into it by an opening in the 

 upper side. If the rain that falls upon the 

 upper side of the box be insufficient to keep 

 the earth within it sufficiently moist, more 

 water may be added (by hand) when re- 

 quired ; or a thin board w-ith the edges high- 

 er than the middle, may be placed on the 

 box to extend beyond the edges, so as to col- 

 lect a sufficient quantity of rain water. A 

 small part of the bark is cut through, and in 

 the course of a iew days another small por- 



