180 



Barn and Stahlins;. 



Vol. II. 



mal had not been observed to be previously 

 unwell, yet, on examination, one kidney was 

 very much enlarged, and contained about sev- 

 enty calculi. One of the number, now before 

 me, is of an irregular form — measures an 

 inch and a half in its longest diameter, and 

 more than four inches in circumference, and 

 weighs nearly an ounce. The others were 

 smaTler, varymgfrom a small pea, to that of a 

 large bean. Inexplicable as it may appear, the 

 forms and appearance of the calculi justify the 

 belief, that they once formed a single mass, and 

 that it was broken to pieces, during the life of 

 the animal, by some c&vilSQ inherent in itself. 

 The irritation of a stone will often produce 

 inflammation of the kidneys, with severe pain, 

 and high febrile excitement. Whether the 

 cause is ascertained or not, their symptoms 

 should be combatted with copious, perhaps 

 repeated bleeding, and a free use of purging 

 salts. The case only admits of palliative 

 treatment. 



For tlie Farmers' Cabinet. 

 Remarks upon Agricultural Biiilduigs. 

 Ko. 3. 



BARN AND STABLING. 



I think there is much room for improvement 

 in buildings for these purposes so far as they 

 have been presented to my observation, and I 

 have thought the following remarks, if not 

 correct in every part, may be the means of ex- 

 citing enquiry upon the subject, so as to per- 

 fect Them, eventually, in the greatest possible 

 degree. 



The accompanying description will proba- 

 bly be sufficient to explain the subject. Fig. 

 31 is a horizontal projection or ground plan 

 of the basement story, which should be large 

 enoucfh to contain all the horses, and ani- 

 mals usually denominated horned cattle, on 

 a farm. T/iis is supposed to be one hundred 

 and twenty feet long and to contain sixty head ; 

 It is also supposed to be forty feet wide, with 

 an entry through the middle ihe whole length, 

 and a range of stables on each side of the en- 

 try, the whole length so constructed that the 

 animals stand in them with their heads towards 

 the entry. The. entry receives hay from the 

 bays above through vertical flues which ex- 

 tend from tlie joists above the entry to the 

 roof. Stairs extend from the entry to the 

 floor or floors above. There is a door at each 

 end of the entry, and a glass window above 

 to admit light when the doors are closed. — 

 There is also a glass window at each end of 

 both stables to admit light to the stables, and 

 also air when necessary. All the windows 

 about the stables and barn should be guarded 

 by screens or bars. The doors of the stables 

 are at the opposite side from the entry, one 

 door serving for two animals to pass in and 

 out. The floors of the stables, and that of 



the entry, together with the surface of the 

 ground around the building, so far as ani- 

 mals are in the habit of frequently walking 

 upon it during the winter season, should be 

 paved with stone, and the interstices filled 

 with lime and sand mortar, and made as 

 smooth as possible. The entry perfectly lev- 

 [el; the stables to descend from the entry 

 at the rate of one inch, in every ten feet, 

 land descend from one end to the other at the 

 [same rate, so that all the fluid substances 

 I which are dropped upon the stable floorsshail 

 ^run to the lower ends, and from thence in 

 I suitable channels into a cistern made water 

 'tight at the bottom and side. The contents 

 'that run from the stables into the cistern is to 

 be pumped up from time to time into a hogs- 

 jhead placed upon a sled or axle with low 

 wheels, so that the same may be taken to grass 

 land and discharged upon it as evenly as pos- 

 sible. The surface of tiie pavement around 

 the building should also descend in every di- 

 rection from it at the same rate of one inch 

 in every ten feet. The stables should be 

 j cleaned each day when theanimalsare turned 

 out to drink, morning and evening, and the 

 contents thrown directly from the stables into 

 muck wagons, a wagon for each range of 

 stables, and hauled direct to grass lands and 

 deposited in small heaps upon it which are 

 to be spread evenly upon the land as soon as 

 vegetation starts in the spring, or it may be 

 deposited in a house or shed under roofi and 

 hauled and spread upon grass lands in the 

 spring, before the volatile parts are in any 

 considerable degree lost by fermentation. Qy 

 placing a horizontal railway for each wheel 

 to run upon, parallel with the building, so as 

 to bring the wagon near each stable door, the 

 wagon may be moved along upon the railroad 

 by one man, even when loaded to the extent 

 usually done for an ordinary team to haul (or 

 draw it) upon a common road. 



One animal is let out of the stable to drink 

 at a time, and may be allowed to walk upon 

 a platform, attached to a lever, the movable 

 end of which is over a well of water, and un- 

 der the axleof a vertical wheel, and connect- 

 ed with a cord, rope, or chain, which coils 

 upon the axle and is attached to it. Another 

 rope, cord or chain, coils upon the wheel of 

 this axle, by the uncoiling of that from the 

 axle aforesaid, produced by the descent of the 

 lever with the animal upon it. 



A bucket with a valve in the bottom, open- 

 ing upwards, is attached to the lower end of 

 thecor.i, rope, or chain, upon the wheel afore- 

 said, which is filled through the valve, and 

 when raised by the curling of the rope upon 

 the wheel as aforesaid to a sufficient height, a 

 hook, attached to a trough or reservoir seizes 

 one edge of the bucket, and prevents it from 

 being raised too high, while the opposite side 



