Na 13. 



Horned Cattle^ JVa. 5. '-^Agricultural Buildings. 



195 



■obstinacy. Many contended that they were 

 only fit tor tlie grazier and butcher, and sus- 

 tained their arguments by instances wherein 

 the only or chief care was to improve their 

 feeding points; entirely neglecting their nuik. 

 In such cases, the milch ing qualities of cows 

 would doubtless tiiik The calves running 

 constantly with their dams, and the pail never 

 being used, must cause the milk to dry up 

 fast, and gradually to diminish the powers of 

 lactic secretion. 



Mr. DiCKSON assures us that they usually 

 give from 16 to 6 quarts a day, throughout the 

 season, and they are such constant milchers 

 that they seldom remain dry above six weeks 

 or two months betbre calving. 



lie quotes instances in which they have 

 not gone dry at all, and in confirmation of 

 this, I have myself a three quarter short-horn 

 cow, which alter her first calf milched till the 

 week previous to calving again. The quan- 

 tity and richness of her milk is alone such as 

 to make her a valuable beast, while she car- 

 ries more fat and flesh than three common 

 cous together, although feeding on the same 

 pasture. She has now a calf from a full 

 blooded Durham bull, two months old, and of 

 remarkable size and beauty, yet she gives 

 six to eight quarts per day more than it sucks. 

 The practice, however, of dairy men in 

 the vicinity of London, Liverpool, and other 

 large towns of England, is sufficient to settle 

 tlie question and satisfy the most sceptical. 

 *' In these dairies," says the writer quoted so 

 frequently, " it is difficult to see cows of any 

 other breed than short horns or crosses with 

 them." 



They are milched till about eight years old 

 and then fed ott' fat for the butcher. These 

 cows can be fed otTfat. They thus give a re- 

 turn in flesh, tor part of their original high 

 price ; whilst they remunerate their owners 

 in tiie mean time tor their food by an abund- 

 ance of milk. 



A Penn Township Farmer. 



For the Farmers' Cabinet. 



Remarks npou Ai^ricultural BnUdings, 

 Bam and Stabling.— No. '£, 



Cuiilinued. 



The upper story of a Barn, should e.xtend 

 beyond the side walls of the basement, so as 

 to shelter the stable doors and t^ie rail-ways, 

 and be high enough to convey provender (ex- 

 cept grain) for the animals, from the time they 

 are removed from pasture in autumn, till they 

 are returned to it again in the spring. The 

 timber and other materials of which the 

 building is composed, should be of sufficient 

 Strength to support its contents, and the 



whole frame well braced. The timbern 

 should be arranged so as to allov/ the barn to 

 be filled, and the animals afterwards supplied 

 with the contents, with the greatest possible 

 convenience. If the horizontal joints, which 

 extend across the building and rest upon the 

 side walls, and caps can be procured of sufli- 

 cient length to e.Ktend the whole distance 

 from the extremity of one overshoot, (or pro- 

 jection,) to that of the other, such should be 

 preferred, and all other timbers so far as prac- 

 ticable, should also be of sufficient length 

 without splicing. 



The overshoots should be supported entire- 

 ly by the walls between the stables and rail- 

 ways, so that there will be no obstruction, 

 opposite the stable doors. 



Each barn floor should be lighted by a glass 

 windov,', placed at the opposite side of the 

 buildmg trom that where the loaded cart 

 or wagon enters it. The windows should be 

 well guarded by bars or wire screens. 



A glass window should also be placed in 

 each gable end, for the double purpose of ad- 

 miting both light and air into the building; 

 these should pIso be guarded by bars or 

 screens. One half of each window should be 

 made to rise aim Jower, and where they can- 

 not conveniently be approached, this can be 

 pertbrmed by means of cords or wires. — 

 Those in the end, should be placed as near 

 the upper part of the building as convenient, 

 and that for each floor, also near the plate at 

 the lower ends of the rafters. In construct- 

 ing the angle of the roof, care should be ob- 

 served not to make the rise too great, and 

 thereby expose it unnecessarily to the hori- 

 zontal force of winds; nor so little as to ex- 

 pose it to injury from the vertical pressure of 

 deep snows ; perhaps for the latitude and cli- 

 mate of Pennsylvania, the relative length 

 of a horizontal line from the lower end of one 

 rafter to the other, and a vertical line liom 

 the middle of this to the summit of the two 

 rafters, might be in the same proportion as 

 the numbers, eight and three. The vertical 

 line, half the horizontal line, (aforesaid) and 

 the length of onerafttr «vill then, be in tl e 

 same relative proportion as the numbers 

 three, four, and five. The roof should re- 

 ceive support in a vertical direction over the 

 side walls of the basement story, and diago- 

 nally from the studs (or posts) at the side.-< of 

 the entry. The plates at or near the lower 

 ends of the rafters should be connected by 

 ties which extend from one to the other 

 across the building, at the sides of each bay. 

 These ties should be connected to theplotes, 

 and also to the vertical and diagonal pistb 

 which support the purlines and roof, and the 

 ratters connected to the purlines and plates in 

 such a manner, tliat the acute and obtujie aii- 



