196 



Jlsrricidtural Buildings. — J^/^o. 3, Continued. 



Vol. 



11. 



gles of intersection serve as braces, and 

 where the connection of different parts are 

 not sufficiently strong when attached ni the 

 usual manner by the aid of mortices, tenons 

 and pins; or projecting shoulders, either 

 square or diagonal with pins, keys, or wedges; 

 sufficient strength may be obtained by 

 usin"- iron straps, screw bolts and nuts, or 

 spikes. By placing the ties across the build- 

 ing at equal distances asunder, and using a 

 space between two of them for the barn floor, 

 from which a bay at each side may be filled, 

 and afterwards the floor may be filled except 

 sufficient room for the team and loaded 

 wagon to pass in. This unoccupied part of 

 each floor afterwards serves, as a convenient 

 place to thresh and clean grain, shell corn, 

 and grind grain, by the aid of portable ma- 

 chines for this purpose, driven either by ani- 

 mal, wind, or water power, used at any con- 

 venient distance from said machines, and 

 portable connecting parts (either shafts, 

 ropes, bands, or chains,) used when necessary. 

 AjTeeable to this arrangement of ties, a barn 

 wuh two floors (as this is supposed to have,) 

 will have seven ties across from one plate to 

 the other; and of the six spaces between 

 them, the two floors will occupy, the second 

 from each end, one of these ties will be at the 

 centre of the building between two bays, or 

 across the middle of a double one; two of them 

 at the ends of the building and one at each 

 side of a floor. 



Each tie is prevented from sagging be- 

 tween the plates, by four of the aforesaid 

 vertical and diagonal posts which support the 

 purlins and roof. Each post is inserted with 

 a tenon into a mortice in a joist and a pur- 

 line, with two braces connected with it and 

 the purline. 



Each tie may be connected to the posts by 

 four horizontal screw bolts and nuts or other- 

 wise. The purline at the upper end of the 

 diagonal posts, may be placed equi-distant 

 between the other and the summit of the roof, 

 or in any other convenient position to support 

 the roof in the best manner. Each barn floor 

 should be twice the width of an ordinary 

 wagon load of hay or grain, and the entrance 

 into it closed by two doors, tog-ether as wide 

 as the barn floor, and as high as the under 

 side of the plate, so that one side of the floor 

 can be filled from the other, after the bays 

 are filled from each \ude of the floor. The 

 doors may move upon hinges in the usual 

 manner or slide in groiwes or upon friction 

 rollers, parallel with the sides of the barn, 

 and one of them be closed after that side of 

 the floor is filled, and the other one only used 

 as a passage to the unfilled part of the floor; 

 or what is still more convenient, a small 

 AiMT, say three or four feet wide, and six and 

 & half feet high, made in ene of the doors for 



an ordinary (or common) passage in and out. 

 A stair way goes from each floor to one side 

 of the entry below, and should not be so wide 

 as to interfere with the passage-way in the 

 entry. A vertical flue is made over the en^ 

 try m each bay to pass hay and other pro-- 

 vender down, (for the animals in tlie base- 

 ment story,) of convenient dimensions, say 

 four feet square composed of four vertical posts 

 each connected to a joist at the lower end, 

 jand to a rafter at the upper end, and con- 

 jnected together by horizontal rounds placed 

 ifuur feet asunder, or other convenient dis- 

 tance. A ladder opposite (or near) a post at 

 eac!i side of a floor serves to pass up and 

 ' down to and from tiie bays. 

 j The bridge wall for the road-way into the 

 barn, extends two or three inches under the 

 barn floor joists at one end, and extends on 

 ' each side of tiie road-way a sufficient dis- 

 tance from the barn, to make the road-way 

 (when filled with earth) a suitable angle ol 

 ■ elevation toward the barn. The walls sfiouid 

 [ be of sufficient thickness and of a suitable form 

 ' not to be displaced by frost or outward pres- 

 sure of the earth, the side next to and paral- 

 lel with the side of the barn should be verti- 

 cal or nearly so; not to interfere with the 

 rail-way. 



I By adopting the aforesaid arrangement, 

 the upper story (for the provender) can be 

 made of any convenient length, without in- 

 terfering with tlie basement story below for 

 the animals. The flues and stair- ways, serve 

 to convey pure air to the basement story, and 

 by placing a sliding (or other) door at the 

 lower end" of the flue, and making them and 

 the stair entry and stable doors to fit each 

 : opening when closed; a temperature may be 

 'obtaine<l sufficiently uniform for the health of 

 all the annuals in the basement story, by ad- 

 mitting more or less air to them by opening 

 ior closing the doors and windows to any re- 

 quired degree, and by using shutters to each 

 window, any required degree of light may 

 be admitted. 



j The sides of the building alx)ve the base- 

 ment story should be weather-boarding. 

 j The ends and the whole of the basement 

 story between the doors and windows up- 

 wards from a foot or two above the ground, 

 may either be frame and weather-boards, or 

 stone or brick laid in lime and sand mortar. 

 The remainder should be stone, laid in lime 

 and sand mortar, and deep enough to be out 

 of the r€ach of frost, the external surface 

 guarded by paint or cement. 



The operation of the machinery is as fol- 

 lows, viz: A rope is passed over a pully ia : 

 each of the blocks 1, 2, and .3, and one end 

 attached to the horizontal axle of the vertical 

 wheel 4; the other end of the rope has a hook 

 , made fast to it» to ascend and descend with th© 



