1868. 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



73 



EXTRACTS AND KEPLIES 



CHEESE FACTORIES. 



As people are making all kinds of inquiries 

 through your valuable paper, from what will 

 make the hair grow on a bald pate, to what will 

 prevent toe-nails from growing in, we should like 

 some infornmtion in regard to the manufacturing 

 of milk into cheese, by a factory. 



We cut a good amount of hay, suitable for keep- 

 ing cows ; have the best of pasturing, and can 

 keep cows as cheap as can be done in any other 

 place in New England. 



Will you, or any of your correspondents, give us 

 any intelligence upon the following questions ? 

 and, more if you choose, will be gratefully re- 

 ceived. 



1. Wliat will be the cost of a medium sized fac- 

 tory, fitted up with an eye to economy, all ready 

 for bui^iness, with lumber at ten dollars per thou- 

 sand, and labor at two dollars per da}^ 



2. The milk from how many fair cows, or how 

 much milk, will it take to commence busincs with ? 



3. How is the milk received, when and how paid 

 for ? When is the cheese usually sold ? And in 

 fact how IS the business done ? 



4. What amount of help will it take to run the 

 concern ? 



5. How many months in the year will the milk 

 be required, usually ? 



6. How have the profits generally compared 

 with 1)utter making, all things taken into account ? 

 such as the milk for hogs and the extra labor of 

 making butter. More inquiries hereafter. 



A. J. Mitchell. 

 Lempster, N. E., Nov. 25, 1867. 



E-EMAEKS. — From a report in the Boston Culti- 

 vator, it appears that the capital invested in eight 

 factories in Massachusetts was last year as follows : 

 Barre Central, $7800; Barre, South, $5053 ; Hard- 

 wick Centre, 94213; Hardwick, South, $4500; 

 Petersham, $3000 ; New Braintree, $8000 ; Warren, 

 $4600 ; South Adams, $3000. 



Of forty-one factories from which full returns 

 were made at the annual meeting of the American 

 Dairymen's Association last year, the average 

 number of cows was 458 to each factory ; the 

 smallest bemg 140 and the largest 1049. Some 

 account, however, is given of a factory at Pleasant 

 Prairie, Wisconsin, with 75 cows, and of one in 

 Medina, Ohio, with only 64. 



The milk is sometimes delivered at the factory 

 by farmers ; at others, it is collected by agents of 

 the factory. 



Further answers are furnished by a correspon- 

 dent of the Vermont Farmer, who says, "a cheese 

 factor}' has been recently erected in the North- 

 easterly part of Orwell, and is of the following 

 dimensions : 30 by 90 feet, and three stories high, 

 with steam boiler and fixtures sufBcient for mak- 

 ing and curing 1000 cheeses. Cost of building 

 and fixtures, $6000. The milk from 300 cows has 

 been used this season and 60,000 pounds of cheese 

 made. At first, the size of the hoops was 18 inches 

 diameter and 10 inches deep; but the managers 

 finding that cheese made in a smaller hoop would 

 sell at a higher rate, they have since used those 

 15 inches by 10 deep. The object has been to imi- 

 tate cheese made in Chedder county, England, 

 and it has been made to resemble, in color, good 



butter made in June. The cheese made this sea- 

 son has been mainly consigned to White and 

 Douglass, 76 Broad street, N. Y., and has been 

 sold at 15 to 15^- cents per pound. Manufacturing 

 commenced June 17 and ended Oct. 22. 



H. B. Jones and wife, formerly of Pawlet, have 

 managed the manufacturing, and have received 

 for their services 90 cents per 100 pounds of cheese 

 made. Net receipts to those furnishing the milk, 

 about 11 7-10 cents per pound." 



TO DESTROY LICE ON CATTLE. — NORWAY OATS. 



Mr. J. Jordan inquires what will kill lice on his 

 cows. Smoke them with tobacco. A few cents' 

 worth will do the job for several head of cattle. 

 It is the cleanest, the safest, the cheapest and the 

 surest remedy I know of. Smoke them thorough- 

 ly at first ; then in about a week go over them 

 again, and the lice are all dead, nits and all. 



I wish to inquire about the "Norway Oats." If 

 they are as good as recommended, they are the 

 ones I wish to sow. I sow two and a half bushels 

 to the acre, and usually average 50 bushels, or 20 

 from one of seed, of 30 pounds each. Now if by 

 sowing one bushel of Norway oats I can get 100 

 bushels weighing 10 or 12 lbs. heavier per bushel, 

 and if they are as good for feed and to sell, I go in 

 for that kind. Will some one who has had expe- 

 rience with them inform me. One who is not anx- 

 ious to sell them at forty cents per pint. 



George R. Jenneson. 



Walpole, N. H., Dec. 7, 1867. 



Remarks. — We have never raised the Norway 

 Oats. We have seen a fine specimen of their 

 growth, in the possession of agents for the sale of 

 the seed, but know nothing further of them than 

 our correspondent does. 



ETEEGREENS FOR SHELTER. 



Will you allow me to suggest, as a subject for 

 discussion in your columns, the importance of 

 screens of evergreens, not only around our build- 

 ings to protect them from the cold blasts of winter, 

 but around our bleak fields to break the dry and 

 parching winds of summer, and thus to enhance 

 the practical value of our farms, as well as greatly 

 to increase their beauty and attractiveness. I 

 think such a discussion, if properly conducted, 

 would be very acceptable and profitable. 



We have native evergreens, such as the red 

 cedar, white pine, &c., sufficient for this purpose, 

 but few know how to propagate them from seed 

 or by transplanting. I find there is not one man 

 in ten about here, and they have always lived in 

 sight of the white pine, that knows its seeds ; and 

 a larger proportion do not know whether the seed 

 of the cedar will germinate in a few days or weeks 

 after planting, or whether it will lay in the ground 

 through winter before coming up. Now, if you 

 will enlighten us on this sul ject, we will try to 

 profit by it and extend your circulation. 



One of Them. 



Davisville, R. I., Dec. 7, 1867. 



Remarks. — We call upon some member of the 

 great New England Farmer's Club, who has 

 had practical experience in the cultivation of ever- 

 greens, to "lead" in the discussion of the topic 

 propounded by "One of Them." In the meantime, 

 wc copy from the New England Homestead, the 

 following statement of the singular effect on pota- 



