1868. 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



93 



rather earlier than the middle of April, for com- 

 mencing, and November 10, for closing. The Or- 

 well factory, for reasons not stated,— unless the 

 fact of its being the first year may be taken as one 

 of those reasons, — commenced June 17, and ended 

 October 22— about one month more than one-half 

 the time the factories in New York are run. 



Then, again, instead of 11 7-lOc per lb., the 

 cheese made at this factory, — being an imitation 

 of the Cheddar cheese of England, and "made to 

 resemble, in color, good butter in June," — we are 

 expressly told was sold for "15 to 15^ic per lb.," 

 giving over $?30 per cow for four months and five 

 days. The Cheddar cheese is the richest of any 

 made in England, and contains over 30 per cent, of 

 butter, while skim milk cheese has less than 6 per 

 cent. 



It is said that the milk from 300 cows was used 

 at the Orwell factory ; but we are not told that 

 none of the milk from any of these cows was re- 

 tained at home, or whether that given on Sunday 

 was used or not. 



These considerations seem to us to place the 

 operations of the Vermont factory in a better light 

 than that in which it was looked upon by our cor- 

 respondent. 



From the Report already alluded to, it appears 

 that the De Witt factory in Onondaga County, 

 with 300 cows, made 103,453 lbs. of cheese, and the 

 remark is made that many small dairies made 

 butter in the spring and fall, and put milk in the 

 factory only through the hot weather. The time 

 of commencing or ending is not stated. 



Brant Centre factory, in Brant, Pa., with 300 

 cows, made 105,466 lbs. of cheese. Time not given. 



Excelsior Factory, Brookfield, Madison County, 

 N. Y., with 300 cows made 97,000 lbs. cheese the 

 first year. Time not stated. 



JERSEY, ALDEENEY AND GUERNSEY CATTLE. 



Are these three varieties of Channel Island cat- 

 tle, viz : Alderney, Jersey, and Guernsey, all one 

 and the same ? Or are either two of them 

 the same ? There appears to be a distinction be- 

 tween the first two and the Guernsey, but I can 

 find no place where the difference is described, and 

 Alderney and Jersey appear to be used synony- 

 mously. Who is the publisher of the new Alder- 

 ney Herd Book ? W. R. Anderson. 



Cincinnati, Ohio, Dec. 16, 1867. 



Remarks. — Not being able to answer these 

 questions satisfactorily to ourselves, we requested 

 a gentleman to do so whom we knew to be as well 

 qualified, both from his experience as a breeder of 

 the Jerseys, and from his general intelligence, as 

 any individual in the country. We are very happy, 

 therefore, in publishing the following valuable 

 paper from Mr. Converse, and are sure he will re- 

 ceive the thanks of many of the readers of the 

 Farmer who are interested in Jersey cattle, as 

 well as of Mr. Anderson, at whose request it was 

 written. 



Messrs. R. P. Eaton 8c Co.,— Gentlemen : — Your 

 favor of the-21st came duly to hand. The names 

 Jersey and Alderney are used in England and in 



this country to designate' one and the same breed 

 of cattle. Of the entire propriety of this usage 

 there can be little or no doubt, because the cattle 

 from the two islands of Jersey and Alderney have 

 so long been bred together as one breed, both in 

 England and here, that they are now pretty thor- 

 oughly mixed. At home, however, on their native 

 islands, their owners regard them differently ; the 

 breeders upon each island being very naturally 

 more or less partial to their own animals; but 

 after they have been transported to new homes 

 they usually pass for one family. The supply 

 comes mainly from the Island of Jersey, where 

 they are bred extensively. The island of Alder- 

 ney, being much smaller, furnishes comparatively 

 few, — probably not over about two hundred cows 

 are raised there annually. Liverpool vessels trad- 

 ing with the Channel Islands, usually make Alder- 

 ney their last stopping place on the way home, 

 and perhaps may there take on a few head of cat- 

 tle in addition to the larger number they took at 

 Jersey, and on their arrival home are reported as ■ 

 from Alderney with cattle; consequently, many 

 cattle really from Jersey, are reported as from 

 Alderney. They are so nearly alike in size and 

 form, in color, and in their appearance in all re- 

 spects, that, when together in herds, no marked 

 difference is discernible, except perhaps, to a very 

 skilful eye. 



The Guernseys are regarded as a distinct breed. 

 The difference between them and the Jerseys and 

 Alderneys is suSlciently marked to be easily per- 

 ceptible. The color of the Guernsey cows is, for 

 the most part, red or a light reddish brown ; the 

 bulls darker ; whereas that of the Jersey or Al- 

 derney cows is usually fawn and white, dun, 

 mouse or French grey, mixed with fawn and 

 white, — the bulls being generally darker about the 

 head and neck. The Guernseys are also somewhat 

 larger in size and coarser, and lack some of those 

 peculiarly striking marks about the eye and muz- 

 zle so much admired in the Jerseys and Alderneys, 

 They are, however, very highly esteemed as a 

 breed, and the cows are regarded as excellent for 

 butter. 



Mr. Brooks, of Princeton, Mass., proposes to 

 edit a new and enlarged edition of the Jersey herd 

 record, to be published the first of June next, pro- 

 vided a suflacient number of entries are previously 

 made to warrant its publication. About one hun- 

 dred pedigrees have already been received since 

 last publication. 



Suppose you give breeders a hint to send in 

 their records. Very truly, J, C. Converse. 



Arlington, Mass., Dec. 27, 1867. 



WARTS. — BARN ITCH. 



From my own trials I can confidently recom- 

 mend the following ointment as a sure cure for 

 small Warts and also for the Bam Itch. Take equal 

 parts of Tar, Sulphur, and Lard, heat them over a 

 slow fire until all are melted ; then stir until cold 

 to prevent the separation of the ingredients. Ap- 

 ply the ointment freely, daily. 0. 



Surry, N. H., Dec. 8, 1867. 



