510 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



Nov. 



cattle are represented as in fine condition, and 

 perfect health, and their sleek and glossy 

 coats shine in the sun like silver. 



Farming in Germany. — A correspondent 

 of the loica Homestead, travelling in Germany, 

 after alluding to the entire absence of fences 

 and to the rows of shade or fruit trees on the 

 highways, which give the traveller the impres- 

 sion of riding through a long and beautiful 

 lawn, says : — "The fields of grain will compare 

 well as regards size, with an ordinary city lot. 

 Indeed, many of them are much smaller. 

 Perhaps two by eight rods would be their av- 

 erage size. This, of course, refers to the fer- 

 tile plains, where the entire surface is under 

 cultivation, and not to the highlands that are 

 approriated to raising timber, or to pasturage. 

 Little corner stones mark the boundaries of 

 these small farms and lots. Side by side, with 

 only a deep furrow between, one sees there 

 little patches of wheat, oats, barley, peas, 

 potatoes, «S:c., which succeed each other in a 

 regular course of rotation." 



Fall Seeding of Grass Land. — The 

 fact that timothy grass is naturally perpetual 

 and self-sowing is used by the Ohio Farmer 

 as an argument in favor of seeding down grass 

 lands in September, which is the season that 

 nature has appointed for the seed to fall, ger- 

 minate and grow, and consequently the proper 

 time for husbandmen to apply it to fields which 

 are to be converted into pasture or mowing 

 lands. 



EXTRACTS AND REPLIES. 



OABGET OR CAKED BAG. 



I have seen in the Faumeu many remedies for 

 this dis( iisc anion!,' cows. I luivc adopted a treat- 

 ment which I lijje lietter than any 1 ever saw in 

 print. It lias never failed with mc, and oiheis 

 have tried it wiHi tlu same result. It is very sim- 

 ple and safe. It is merely to give the cow beans 

 once or twite a day un'iil a cure is effected. In 

 the earlv staj-es a few nies.ses will be bulficient, of 

 about half a pint at a time. They may be Riven 

 eitlier div or green, wiih the same result. If 

 green, a "few hills of the vines and beans may be 

 given, as eows will eat them most readily. I have 

 tried the above several times the present season. 

 It has been my remedy for several years, and 

 always wiih good results. w. B. b. 



Roxbunj, Vt., Sept. 15, 18GS. 



Remarks.— Before the above recommendation 

 was in print we suppose it could not justly be 

 called ''book- farming." If it shall prove as efflca- 

 cious with other tarmers whose cows are troubled 

 with garget, as it has with our Roxbury friend, he 



will receive many thanks for his communication. 

 One of the exhibitors of thoroughbred Ayrshire 

 cattle, at Burlington, Vt., claimed that that breed 

 was entirely exempt from garget. 



TRANSPLANTING SHADE TREES. 



Please say something through the columns of 

 the Farmer concerning the transplanting of shade 

 trees (maple). Whicli is best, tall or spring? I 

 would be glad to transplant this fall if as well, 

 having more time for it than in the spring. 



I have set out maples in my yard twice, and all 

 have died but one which is now a nice tree in the 

 dryest part of the yard. Tlie soil is a rieli loam, 

 quite moist. How would it do to excavate the 

 ground for the trees this month, tilling the excava- 

 tion with the soil removed, mixing in tine maimre 

 made in the barn-yai'd this season, and then trans- 

 plant ijt the proper time this autumn ? \v. s. a. 



Leicester, Vt., Sept., 1868. 



Remarks. — Shade trees of almost any size may 

 be transplanted with much certainty of their living, 

 if proper care is observed in doing the work. We 

 have elms and white pines which we transplanted 

 when they were from six to nine inches in diame- 

 ter, and of proportionate height. Some of them 

 are now nearly two feet in diameter and are 

 forty feet high. They were transplanted eighteen 

 years ago. These trees were dug about in Novem- 

 ber, had a heavy ball of earth — some two or three 

 tons — left about their roots, and propped up with 

 blocks of timber. When the base was frozen solid, 

 the tree was removed on ox-sleds to the ample 

 hole previously prepared for it, and set down. 

 Just before dropping the tree into plice, a cartload 

 or two of rich garden soil, which had been placed 

 in the barn cellar to prevent its freezing, was 

 thrown into the hole and the tree let down upon it. 

 When the tree was in proper position, all the va- 

 cant places about the roots were carefully filled with 

 rich soil, and pressed under with a stick. A ton 

 or two of stones were then placed upon the surface 

 in order to prevent the tree from swaying in high 

 winds, and thus disturbing the roots. When man- 

 aged in this way, every tree set has grown well. 



You state that one tree out of several that were 

 set, lived and grew well. Is that not suflicienrly 

 evident that the fault was not in the scil ? On the 

 same soil where one tree would grow, any number 

 would be quite likely to, if the trees were all equally 

 good, and the treatment of them the same. 



Success in transplanting depends, mainly, on the 

 manner in which the tree is taken tip. Most person 

 suppose that if they preserve the large roots the 

 tree will live. But it is the small fibrous roots 

 which spring from the larger ones, and the bun- 

 dles of little roots that usually cluster under the 

 main stem of the tree, that go to work immediate- 

 ly and feed and sustain the tree. If these are 

 torn off, badly broken, or their surfaces chafed, 

 the tree has little or no means of immediate sup- 

 port, and will die. 



It is much better to spend a good deal of time 

 in taking up and setting six trees and have them 

 all live, then to take up and set 12, hurriedly, and 



