1868. 



KEW El^GLAND FARMER. 



547 



fat almost entirely just under the skin, so that 

 the fat lays on the outside of the meat. 

 This would not be so palatable to the Ameri- 

 can taste, nor is the mutton of the Leicester 

 held in the highest estimation in England. 

 The Leicesters are the most showy of any of 

 the long wools ; have clean white faces and 

 legs, a round body, and the quarters very 

 evenly balanced ; the wethers weighing at two 

 years old from twenty to thirty pounds per 

 quarter, and the ewes at four years old from 

 eighteen to twenty-six. 



The Cotswolds are a more hardy breed, more 

 prolific and better nurses ; the wool may be a 

 triHe coarser, but if a person desires, he can 

 make his wool finer or coarser by selecting his 

 finest buck and ewes for breeding. His 

 fleeces, however, will be a little lighter. The 

 Cotswold is not so symmetrical an animal as 

 the Leicester ; its hind quarters being larger 

 than the forequarters, and it has a tendency 

 to accumulate fat on the rump. The wool 

 grows down on the forehead and the chops, 

 and down on the legs. The fat is better dis- 

 tributed through the whole system than on the 

 Leicester. 



rhe Lincolnshires are larger framed ani- 

 mals ; the staple is longer and fleeces heavier 

 than either the Leicesters or Cotswolds. It 

 measures from ten to eighteen inches in length, 

 and the fleece weighs from eight to fourteen 

 pounds. The sheep is hardy and prolific, but 

 matures slowly and requires a ' very rich pas- 

 ture ; fourteen pounds of wool cannot be ob- 

 tained without good feed and plenty of it. 



The Teeswa^ers are the most prolific of the 

 long wooled breeds ; their wool is not quite 

 so long or their fleece so heavy as the Lin- 

 colns ; they require good pastures — as good 

 as do the Short-horn cattle. In fact it will 

 not do to turn the long wooled sheep upon 

 poor, rough pastures for the purpose of ex- 

 terminating bushes ; if you do you may expect 

 to exterminate your sheep. They must be 

 well fed, or their wool is worthless, and if 

 allowed to run among the bushes it becomes 

 filled with sticks and seeds and a large por- 

 tion of their wool is left hanging to the bushes. 

 The Teeswaters, on good pastures, at two 

 years old, will give from twenty-five to thirty- 

 five pounds per quarter, and some at four 

 years old have been fed to fifty-five pounds 

 per quarter. 



There are a number of grades from these 

 breeds of which, as a lustre-wooled sheep, the 

 New Oxfordshire is at the head ; this is a 

 cross between the Leicester and Cotswold. 



The Oxford Down as a mutton sheep is 

 valuable, but its wool partakes too much of 

 the character of the Southdown. For some 

 purposes it would be valuable ; but for a lus- 

 tre wool it is of no account. It is an excel- 

 lent breeder, matures early, and produces 

 good lambs, which bring a good price. It 

 would do better on poor pastures than any of 



the others, but we should advise our farmers 

 to keep these on good pastures. It is very 

 well on paper to talk about subduing wild 

 lands by pasturing with sheep, but such pas- 

 tures make poor, wild wool and run out the 

 sheep. If you desire good animals you must 

 feed them. Mentor. 



Boston, Oct. 20, 1868. 



GLYCERINE, 



This article within a few years past has be- 

 come of great importance in the arts and in 

 medicine. It was formerly supplied to us 

 from England, at a high cost, and often con- 

 taminated with rancid oils. It was chiefly ob- 

 tained from Falm oil. It is now produced 

 from the waste in the manufacture of -star 

 candles, from lard, and until within ten years, 

 was entirely lost. 



Glycerine is sweet to the taste, and is not 

 subject to oxidation. It has the consistence of 

 oil, but does not congeal. It mixes readily 

 with watev, but does not readily evaporate. 

 It is used internally and externally in medi- 

 cine. It is used to some extent in the place 

 of Cod Liver oil, and is said to be quite as 

 efficacious, and is certainly more palatable. 

 It is used in surgery in the treatment of burns 

 and wounds, and enters into the composition of 

 salves and ointments. It is applied in rheu- 

 matism, sore throat, and diseases of the ear, 

 and is a specific for chapped hands and lips, 

 and for sore teats in cows. It is antiseptic, 

 and as a solvent for many substances, is better 

 than alcohol or water. 



It is used for filling gas metres, for it does 

 not freeze like water, nor evaporate like alco- 

 hol. Perfumers use it largely in the prepara- 

 tion of hair dressings. It keeps the scalp 

 sound and healthy, and the hair soft and 

 smooth. 



Tanners make use of it to keep leathf r soft, 

 and it is the best oil for harnesses, and is the 

 most valuable ingredient in paste blacking. 

 Combined with prmters' ink, it keeps the roll- 

 ers soft and flexible. It is less efiected by 

 the atmosphere than almost any other sub- 

 stance. 



About 600,000 pounds of it are now manu- 

 factured annually at Cincinnati, which is sub- 

 jected to various degrees of purification, ac- 

 cording to the use for which it is wanted. — 

 G. Cist, in U. S. Ay. Rep. 



— The most extensive farmer in France is M. de 

 Candaine. His farm in Touraine is valued at two 

 million francs, and the income he derives from it 

 is considerably above 500,000 francs a year. He 

 sells every year one thousand head of fat cattle, 

 and has on his farm a distillery-, a heet, starch and 

 sugar factory, and a large linen and woolen fac- 

 tory, and all his factories and farm buildings are 

 lighted with gas. His farm is said to be the most 

 productive in Europe. 



