No. a. 



Philadelphia Agricultural Exhibition. 



109 



Kn(jli»ti lioiHO nil lie cnii (tivn, nml llmt it Is on tlu> 

 Wli.ili' KaliT lc> ikIIioii- Id IIii- lii«lii'Kl hied l''.ii,'tlisli slork. 

 riitliiT tliini iImIi ilH(li'))cii(Miii',v liy ini.\ iiiCrior iiuxliinv 

 0\\\ liliiod lidi-.'^rH, llicri'I'oic.roiiK' diriMil) IVcuii 1';m)!I;uiiI; 

 mill il IN iiilli.Tixlil llnii I III' KliiKiil' l''.iii;lniiil's kIiiIiIi's, 

 wliili' (lirrc WHS ii luiiK iiiiil lii' li.iil Miihli'S, I'miiislicil 

 till' liinlirsl piioi'il lioiM.'s liii ivpiililiiiiii Aincririi. Of 

 tliiM-iMiipin.'itivi'i'Filiiiinliiin iil the l':ii|;li.-li iiiiil Ariiliiiiii 

 Iliirsi- we liiivi! liilciv Nrcli :i NliiKiii« i>Miiii|il('. 'I'lir 

 liii.'Mliii III' IMiim'til Hi'iil to Ihi' rrrsiili'iil ol' lli<< Uiiitcil 

 glati's two Aialiiini Horses wliicli, iVom tin' rliiiiiuiri 

 of tlio (tivrr, wo an\ liiiiiiiil In lurhiuiic wen- ol' llir 

 lli|tli«sl I'lasH. 'riicnf liiiisi'w well' sold in piihlic iiiiclioii. 



niid no oiii' niiild he round lo i.'iv oii' lor lliiiii lli.iii 



kIx hnndiril iiiiil lll'l) iIoIIiiih I'oi' one, liiiil Ki\ liiiiidird 

 mill Mi'vcnly llvi' Im ilii' oilici-. Now, In llir Ndinii ni-icli 

 liiiinliooil vvlii'io llii'Pi' ui'io s-old, lire vi'iy spiiilcd liiri'd- 

 t!iN, x\ lio would not Inn' llii'm- AiiiImiiiis ill ommi ho low a 

 rail', lull wlio li.id arliially lioiiclil iVoni llio ulaliloH of 

 till' Uiii« ol I'.inilaiiil, at ilio piii'i- ol' luonly-Hvo llioii 

 xaiiil ilollarH, ii ravoiiiili> Iioiko, rriatii, onij ol' whom' 

 rolls Ik III till' ryliiliilioii lii'ii'. Mxi'ii as lii'lwi'i'ii llii' 

 l''.ii|;lisli liii'i'd and oiirown, llii' iinpri'sBion on tills siili' 

 i>1' llii' ualri is, llial lor soiiii' (iinr past llic ti'iidciny 

 m' I'IukIikIi liri'i'diiig is vatliiT to crn'ouiaui' h|H'i'iI lliaii 

 liolloiii; llial llii'ir llmsi'S aio lirroniiiij; li'K^ry, anil thai 

 till' (li'sri'iidaiils of Iho l',li«lish slork, in this niiinliy, 

 liavi- iniiri' i-ndiiianri', iiioii' holloni lor loinj Jn-als, 

 llinn llii'jr lOMfjlish aiirrstors. 'I'lir ipii'slion, w hrnrvi'i 

 it is li'sli'il, will III' doriili'd pi'ihaps hy a I'l'W soronds. 

 This slyli' 111' hoisi', allhoiiKh llio iisi: lo wliirh ho is 

 pciii'iiiliy iipiilini, IS oiil ol' Ihi'way ol' llir liinnrr, is 

 yi't very inlrn'sliii)! to lis: loi his (jooil ipialilii's all 

 oiiiir ilou II Ihi'oiiali thr inri'iior races ; anil the (ioilol 

 |iliiii Aialiiaii, lo wliii-h llie l'',ii(jlisli Horse owes iniii'li 

 ol his Kiipi rioiily, was arliially a eaithorso in I'liris. 



Oiii oidinary rare ol' laiin hoises is exlieinely pood. 

 Till' waiiiilll ami \aiialileness of Hie rliinale have 

 wet I led down the stilf and heavy I'lanie of I he Kiiiopi an 

 Horse, and (iiveii lis a rare of ipiiek, alert iiiiinials, 

 iiihnirahly liitiul lo (•ocoinl the ailivily of Iho fanner 

 lliliiself 



Ho with respcrt to oallle, wo liavo nlmoBt every 

 variety, and Hie liesf of all the varieties. The eini" 

 grunts often \n\uf. their Ih'sI ami faviiniite animal, the 

 lilissenuer vessels hriii|x rows lo ){ive iiiilli. iliiriiij; then 

 VoyiiKcN, and he llien prolllalily sold here; and tlii'sr 

 nre ueiierally of Hie hij;liest Kind; niminerce iinporls, 

 from every ipiiirler, the animals wliirh will pay hest, 

 mid are tlieieroie the liest at home; and siiiiiled 

 Ineeders have i;one into the I'n^lisli inaikels ami 

 IjioiiKht over some of the hifjliest pined .■ininials. The 

 result is, tli;it we have a (jreat iiieiiiiitilalion of stoik 

 (rt' every deseiiption. There are the Alderneys, with 

 their iirh milk, ilself a cieain. 'I'lie Ayrshires, eopioiis 

 ptvers of milk stroii«ly iiirlineil to lin'lter. w itii I'oniis 

 lilted lor the liiili her." The Itevons, an aiiiieiit rare 

 liroiiKhl by the tiist sellleis of New lOnKland, and iinii 

 Cliliiia their de.si'i'iit hy their strona resrinldanee lo the 

 ini|Moved HoMms, wilhwliiili our stock has heeii of 

 late years ahnmlanlly renniteil. rilled, l>v llieir milk 

 iness, for the dairy, hy their delieale llesli for the Kiiile, 

 hy their i|iiiikiii'ss lor the ploiifili, they riaim to lie 

 tiei'ond to no other raie : and if seroiid (o any, only 

 to Hie Short horned Durham, wliieli is so familiar to 

 us all as to reiinire no desiription, w liii h iimloiiliteilly 

 now unites the greatest mass ot'siillrajres in its f.ivoiir, 

 UK (■oinhinini,' the ipialities of ,'iliiiiiilaiit milk.of casv 

 fallennnr. of early maturity, and of e.veellont fooii, 

 more th.'iii any other raee of' horned cattle. 



Of Sheep, too, we have all the varieties. 



The Leicester, with Hieir early (lliiess lor the knife, 

 litiil I lie! I la rye carcases and larite wool- the Merino, 

 for its sin.'iller yield of rich wool— the .Sintlidown, v\ 

 cellent for liotli wool and earciise— and, finally, we 

 lia\e a less known lireeil comiiift into lepnlalion ; it 

 is I he Tunisian, or hroaill ailed sheep -oriKinally soiiij lit 

 mainly for the carcase, hut, liavinir proviul itself very 

 hardy, well accliinateil when crossed hy other lireeds, 

 mi as to aciiniii^ a liner wool, it may heeoine a Btliiidanl 

 Block anioiiK lis. Nor are we loss (nvniiiod in 



Hwine, 



We have all Hie lireeds ; ninonj; others, iicciiliarly our 

 nwii, is what is called the ( 'liester County lireed', liiid 

 Hill llerkshire lireed, just eomiun into jireat and lie 

 nerved (•sliniiition anioiif! lis, f'.veii tliecoliiiiioii hreeils, 

 Unit run ahoiil w ilhoiil our Uiiowint! their extraction, 

 nro often udiniruhle. 1 leiiiembcr well tliul that Teiin- 



sylvunia Clunker limner, Jacob Brown, «nitimanilcr-in- 

 chiefof the American aviny dnriiiit the last war, tehl 

 me how lunch he was struck hy the lieaiity of Hie lion's 

 which he saw rmininK aliout riiiladelphia ; and I liiivo 

 since oOeii had occasion lo admire llieni. 



Df nil these various animals we have specimens 

 now before iis w Inch wi' may all examine, and if wo 

 desire it olilaiii tlieiii al reasoiiahle lates; and no ono 

 can donlil the real economy to a fiiriner of possessinn 

 these improved lireeds. /Vii inferior animal takcN as 

 milch Ironhle and as niiicli lood as a uood one, and then 

 the care and the expense are ollcii thrown away upon 

 callle that will \i\\v. neither milk nor heel " How 

 many stunted milch cows do we see who ma) he sniil 

 lo ))o dry all the year round- how many steers v\ ho, 

 afler empty iii); a whole corn crili, nt last in the spring 

 look like the crili itself, all rihs w itlionl, and all hol- 

 low inside I Itiit crossinn and training \\:\\v crcatiul 

 aniinnls w ho turn a I once into milk or heef ever> thins 

 we pill 'into theiii— whonixe )ileiily of milk, if joi'i want 

 milk, |ileiity of fat, if yon desire heel', and w ho, coining 

 earlier into the dairy or Hie market, save a whole 

 year's expense of leediiif. I hope, thnefore, that wo 

 may prolit hy the piesenl opporl unity of improving 

 onr slock, and enconra^!!' the spirited hreeders who 

 place the means of doiiiK il in onr power. 



Nor are the prothii lions of rennsylvania Iobb niimc- 

 rolls than its animals. The f;ie;il staples nro wheal, 

 rye, liarley, oats, hnckwhcal, and. iihove all, Indian 

 corn; a plant not estinialed in f'.iirope, liiil one ol' the 

 most vnliialile presents winch the new world has inndc 

 111 the old worth almost all others in Hie extent of its 

 yield ami the variety of its uses; with a stalk ten or 

 iilfeen feet high, every inch of which is iisefnl in Hio 

 ham or llie harn yani, and a craiii which lo men sup- 

 plies n \aiiely of he:illhl'iil and delicious dishes, and to 

 cattle, is the ijiiickesl r.illeiier, while il ({ives tlio last 

 exijilisile llavonr to llieir llesli. 



Having llins spoken of Hie ndvantajjes wllich Wn 



rennsylvania fanners enjoy — 1 pro d lo Hie IcPB 



acreeahle lint more protilaliie impiiry, why onr farms 

 are not so product ixe as they oiiyht lo lie— and 1 iiiako 

 the coinpaiisiin helwi'eii reiiiisyh aiiia ami I'lnnland, 

 liecanse I lliiiik I'lnylaml, on the w lioli', the hest farm- 

 iii« country in fliiiope — and onr l',n(;lish friends must 

 iiiideistand, tharw liile we amuse ourselves occasionally 

 with some of their peculiarities, we [lay tlieiii Hie high- 

 est coiii|iliiiieiil we can, hy proposinij Hiriii as I he con- 

 slant nioilcls of onr fnnni'iiK. Now w liy is it. that with 

 all the natural ailvanl!i|;es in onr favour, the lOn^lisli 

 fanners heal ns .' 1 will tell yon what I think of it. 



In the lirsl place, we do not do justice lo onr own 

 profession. farmiiiK is not liked, either aiiioiic Iho 

 yoiinif peojil.', hecaiise il is considered a lonely exilo 

 from (jaiely -or ainoii); the calenlatiliK, hecinse it io 

 Hioncht iiiiproilnclive. This last is, I think, a lotnl 

 misapprehensiiin ; and, as 1 regard its correction essen- 

 tial lo onr success, I venture to say lli.it liiiiiiiiiK oiiRht 

 lo Im more protilaliie in rennsylvania than in Mnnlnnd. 

 The Common notion is that the lii>>li price of lahonr in 

 rennsylvania makes f.iiininy nnproilnclive, and Iho 

 opinion is repeuli'd w illiiint examinalion, till at last it 

 is Kciie rally helieved. Now the piodncliveness of tarni- 

 iiiK, like the |irodllcliveiiesR of every other occnpalion, 

 depends on the expense of raisiin; an article and the 

 price yon (let for il when it is raised. These ex- 

 penses are the rent of thr l<uid. Hie taxo', the mnnure, 

 the prices of lohouriu/r entile, of laliiniriiiK imjikvicnts, 

 and of liihoiirinii mm. 



The lami which can he reiiled in Ainericn for two or 

 lliree dollars, could not he rented in lOiiKhind under ten 

 or twelve dollars an acre -so that already the land il- 

 self costs three or four times as nimli. AVIieii \iiii liavo 

 Kot possession of the land, the tax Katherer and Iho 

 tithe man soon make tlnir appearance, and lake from 

 tlie farmer filly tliiee per cent, on his rent. Here tliero 

 are no tithes, and the lax, out of the iinnieiliate vici- 

 nity of the city iniprovemeiils, would scarcely he one- 

 li'iiHi of the f'.nslisli lax—so that while on an I'liiRlish 

 fiirm of two Imndred acres the rent and charges would 



he itlioiit ai.l.ono 



The sniiio rent nml clnirRes would hero bo 7(10 



Milking nt onro a iliflbrcncc of $!2,300 



Nexl, nil vwnvrrn nro clicnpcr in Ponnsylvaniti— 

 rlionper in themselves, and rcmlcrcd nioro clienp by tlio 

 fticiliticB of trnupporlntion. 



