268 



Horticultural Discovery. — Devonshire Cream. 



Vol. V. 



mate) about the first day of October, as that 

 Bown afterwards suffers more from the winter 

 than the fly. 



The only remedy which I have any confi- 

 dence in, must be applied to the second, or 

 summer generation, (it is the only one thac I 

 think can be assailed with any prospect of 

 success) whilst in the pupa state, by plough- 

 ing the stubble-fields before putting in the 

 next crop ; in that case, grass-seed could not 

 be sown among the grain ; but by changing 

 the course of cropping, beginning with wheat, 

 rye or barley, followed by corn, and ending 

 with oats and grass, the difficulty mi2"ht be 

 avoided ; nor need the stubble be ploughed 

 till towards the first of April, or any tiirie dur- 

 ing the winter ; plants about stacks and other 

 places must also be attended to; and let it 

 be remembered that farmers must pursue the 

 same plan, as it is in vain for a few indivi- 

 duals to attempt an object, whilst thousands 

 are united to oppose it. I will further ob- 

 serve, that the surest way to raise a good 

 crop of any grain subject to injury from the 

 fly, is to put the lands in a proper state of cul- 

 tivation, as where that is the case, and when 

 th? season proves favourable, little or no dam- 

 age will be sustained, although the fly may 

 be very numerous, as it certainly is every 

 year. It is folly to sow wheat on a poor 

 soil. 



The insect described by Miss Morris is not 

 the Hessian fly, and I think she is mistaken 

 in the manner of depositing its eggs, it ap- 

 pears to be the same as that noticed by me in 

 1823 ; it has three generations in the course 

 of a year, and is observed a few days earlier 

 than the Hessian fly, and the same remedy 

 may be applied to both ; the spring and fall 

 generations are to be found near the roots of 

 the plants, and the summer are at the seve- 

 ral joints. There is another insect lodged in 

 the straw above the upper joint, which causes 

 the premature appearance of ripeness of the 

 head and prevents the grain from forming; 

 it has not yet done much injury, but may 

 hereafter increase. 



There is also an insect which attacks the 

 roots of wheat and causes the stunt or sedge ; 

 it is probably a species of aphis, and the re- 

 medy must be applied to the soil. I would 

 recommend salt or ashes ; perhaps lime might 

 be good. James Worth. 



Sharon, Bucks County, 1st March, 3841. 



over the garden under his charge, the jar- 

 gonelle pear uniformly escaped the infection, 

 it occurred to him that by engrafting the Rib- 

 ston pippin upon the jargonelle stock, the in- 

 fluence by which the latter seemed to resist 

 the attack of the aphis might be imparted to 

 the apple. This he accordingly tried three 

 or four years ago, and the result has not only 

 answered Mr. M'Hardy's expectations in re- 

 gard to the health of the wood, but in the im- 

 provement of the fruit, both as to the size 

 and flavour. Specimens of the wood and fruit 

 from the infected tree, and from the engrafted 

 one, are at present to be seen at Messrs. 

 Dickson and Turnbull's here, and the remark- 

 able contrast which they present afiLrds the 

 most convincing evidence of the beneficial 

 effect of the system, which the experience 

 of three successive seasons has confirmed. — 

 Perth Courier. 



Horticultural Discovery. 



The American aphis or bug, of late years 

 has proved very destructive to wall fruit, and 

 particularly to our finest winter apple, the 

 Ribston pippin. Mr. M'Hardy, gardener to 

 John Grant, Esq., of Kilgraston, having ob- 

 served, during the progress of this insect 



Devonshire Cream. 



The peculiarly rich cream of Devonshire 

 (England), called " clotted cream," is ob- 

 tained by using zinc pans, of a peculiar con- 

 struction, consisting of an upper and lower 

 apartment ; the milk is put into the upper 

 apartment, and, after it has stood 12 hours, a 

 quantity of boiling water is introduced into 

 the lower one ; and at the end of another 12 

 hours the cream is taken off much more rea- 

 dily and perfectly than in the common way, 

 and it is also more abundant and richer. The 

 result of twelve experiments carefully made 

 was as follows : four gallons of milk treated 

 as above gave, in 24 hours, four pints and a 

 half of cream, which yielded, after churning 

 1.5 minutes, 40 ounces of butter; while four 

 gallons of milk treated in the usual way 

 gave, in 48 hours, four pints of cream, which 

 yielded, after churning 90 minutes, 36 ounces 

 of butter: the increase in the quantity of 

 cream being 12^ per cent. If it is true that 

 you would thus get some two pounds more 

 butter per week from each cow, the apparatus 

 and the extra trouble attending its erection 

 — to say nothing of the time saved in churn- 

 ing — would soon be paid for. — Vermont 

 Farmer. 



Remarks.— In the Farmers' Cabinet, Vol. 4, page 91, 

 there is an article on this subject, which goes minutely 

 into all its details, and we would turn the attention of 

 our readers to its consideration. The apparatus there 

 described has been found, in this country, to answer 

 fully the purpose, and a model pan, containing a few 

 pints, is sent for inspection to the office of the Cabinet. 

 It would be easy to fix the pans so that a stream of 

 cold water might be made continually to pass through 

 the casing pan which surrounds the milk, in e.\tremely 

 hot weather, by which coolness might be communi- 

 cated to any degree required, by means of ice, should 

 this be thought necessary. Ed. 



